ELİT VOLEYBOLCULARDA SERVİS ÇEŞİDİ, POZİSYON VE CİNSİYETİN SERVİS HIZINA ETKİSİ

Öz

Voleybolda sıçrayarak kullanılan servisler en sık kullanılan servislerdir. Servis çeşitleri arasında en hızlısı smaç servistir. Bu çalışmaya 120 kadın ve 134 erkek voleybol oyuncusu dahil edildi. Toplamda kadın oyuncular 2872 servis (smaç servis (SS)=163, sıçrayarak yüzen servis (SY)=2163, durarak servis (DS) =546) kullanırken, erkek oyuncular 3296 servis (smaç servis (SS)=1546, sıçrayarak yüzen servis (SYS)=1745, durarak servis (DS) =5) kullandı. Servis hızları radar tabanca ile ölçüldü. Erkek ve kadın oyuncuların kullandığı servis çeşitlerinin dağılımındaki fark χ2 testi ile değerlendirildi. Servis hızına cinsiyet, oyuncunun pozisyonu ve servis çeşidinin etkisinin belirlenmesinde varyans analizi kullanıldı. Erkek ve kadın oyuncuların kullandığı servis çeşitleri birbirinden farklıydı (p<0,05). Servis hızı ile cinsiyet, oyuncunun pozisyonu ve servis çeşidinin etkileşimi anlamlıydı [F(6,6166)=70,622, p<0,0001]. Cinsiyet, oyuncunun pozisyonu ve servis çeşidinin servis hızı üzerindeki ana etkileri de anlamlı bulundu [sırasıyla, F(1,6166)=22,848, p<0,0001; F(3,6166)=4,369, p=0,004; ve F(2,6166)=150,916, p<0,0001]. Erkekler kadınlara göre daha etkili servisleri tercih etmişlerdir (p<0,0001). Erkeklerde SS hızı SY hızından daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,0001). daha önceki çalışmalarda kadınlar tarafından en sık kullanıldığı bulunan DS yerine SY servisi tercih etmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak kadın voleybolu daha güçlü bir oyun stiline dönüşmektedir. Kadın pasör çaprazları SS ve SY servislerinin geliştirilmesi için eğitilmelidir çünkü servis hızları diğer kadın sporculardan genel olarak daha düşüktür. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• atletik performans
• erkek
• kadın
• spor
• teknik performans

EFFECTS OF SERVE TYPE, POSITION, AND GENDER ON THE SERVE SPEED OF ELITE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

Öz

Jump service is a powerful serve type and produces greater power output in volleyball. Among serve types, the speed of JT serves is the fastest. This study included 120 female and 134 male volleyball players. In total, male players performed 3296 serves (jump topspin (JT)=1546, jump float (JF)=1745, tennis=5) while females performed 2872 serves (JT=163, JF=2163, tennis=546) over several volleyball games. Serve speeds were measured with a radar gun. A χ² test was performed to analyze differences in the distribution of serve types used by male and female volleyball players. Comparisons were performed via analysis of variance to detect the effect of gender, player position, and serve type on serve speed. Serve types used by female and male players were different (p<0.05). The interaction of gender, player position, and serve type on serve speed was significant (F_(6,6166)=70.622, p<0.0001). The main effects of gender, player position, and serve type were also significant (F_(1,6166)=22.848, p<0.0001; F_(3,6166)=4.369 ,p=0.004; and F_(2,6166)=150.916, p<0.0001, respectively). Males produced more powerful serves than their female counterparts (p < 0.001l). The speeds of JT serves were higher than those of JF serves among males (p < 0.0001).Females preferred JF serve instead of SS which was found to be most used serve type in previous studies. The characteristics of female volleyball are changing to a powerful game style. Female opposites should be trained to improve their JT and JF serves because their serve speeds were generally lower than those of other female players. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• athletic performance
• female
• male
• sports
• tecnique performance

Kaynakça

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