Immigrances of Anatolia in The Last Term of The Ottoman State and Public Policies in Countries of Immigrants
Abstract
The migration to the Ottoman lands started with the loss of Crimea and increased. With the defeat of Ottoman armies, migrations accelerated from these regions to Anatolia. The loss of the regions where the Muslim-Turkish population was concentrated increased the migration to Anatolia. Themost intensive migration wave wascaused by 93 War and Balkan War. Russia’s occupation of the Ottoman’s Balkans and Caucasus territories where the Muslim-Turkish population was concentrated had caused mass migration to Anatolia. The second great wave of migration of the Ottoman Empire began with the loss of the Balkan War and continued afterwards. Istanbul had been the center of gathering of refugees from the Balkans and the Black Sea. The wave of immigration that started with the loss of wars greatly shook the governments of Istanbul. For example, the emigrants who came to Istanbul had no place to shelter, even the sultan opened his palace and accepted guests. Intensive efforts had been made to send refugees who do not fit in the streets of Istanbul to different parts of the country. The refugees were first gathered in Istanbul and then sent to the appropriate cities. It was claimed that the Circassians which is accepted among immigrants committed plundered the city. At the time the parliament (Meclis-i Mebusan) was open, Circassian immigrants issue had caused controversy between Muslim and non-Muslim deputies. One of the most important migration events took place in the aftermath of the Balkan Wars of 1911-1912, Which we know as difficult years. Another factor that made this period difficult was that the opportunities of the state gradually decreased. Internal rebellions and external attacks had devastated the human and financial resources of the state. Anatolian cities, which had been migrating for many years, had reported to the central government that they no longer want to accept immigrants. Refugees from the Balkans and the Caucasus were settled in Anatolia. In the last century, the Ottoman Empire had to deal with the refugees flowing to Anatolia. As the state’s facilities were being used for sheltering and feeding these refugees, the Anatolian people had embraced these people.
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References
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