Adaptation of Milwaukee Psychotherapy Expecta-tions Scale into Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study

Year 2020, Volume: 15 Issue: 21, 257 - 281, 31.01.2020

Kerem Çetinkaya , Çiğdem Yavuz Güler

https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.595768

Cited By: 5

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine psychometric
properties of the Turkish version of the Milwaukee
Psychotherapy Expectations Questionnaire (MPEQ). 328 adult individuals (248
females, 80 males) participated in the study. The construct validity of the
scale was tested by confirmatory factor analysis. In order to test the
convergent validity, the correlations with Attitudes Toward Seeking
Professional Psychological Help and Thoughts About
Psychotherapy were examined. The reliability of the scale was
calculated by internal consistency and test-retest methods. As a result of the
factor analysis, MPEQ was formed a two-factor structure, namely, process
expectations and outcome expectations similar to the original scale. The
process and outcome expectations subscale were found to be positively
correlated with Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale
and negatively correlated with Thougts About Psychotherapy Survey. The internal
consistency coefficient of the process subscale of the scale was .84, and the
test-retest reliability coefficient was .82. The internal subscale coefficient
of the scale was .88 and the test-retest reliability coefficient was .76. It was determined that MPEQ is a valid and reliable tool that can be used
to measure the psychotherapy expectations of Turkish individuals.

Keywords

Psychotherapy, Psychotherapy expectations, Validity, Reliability

Milwaukee Psikoterapi Beklentileri Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Norberg, Wetterneck, Sass ve
Kanter (2011) tarafından geliştirilen Milwaukee Psikoterapi Beklentiler Ölçeği
(MPBÖ)’nin Türk kültürü için geçerlik güvenirliğini incelemektir. Araştırmaya
yetişkin bireylerden oluşan 328 kişi (248 kadın, 80 erkek) katılmıştır. Ölçeğin
yapı geçerliği doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile sınanmıştır. Uyum geçerliğini
sınamak amacıyla Psikolojik Yardım Almaya İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği-Kısa Formu
(PYAİTÖ-KF) ve Psikoterapi Hakkında Düşünceler Ölçeği (PHDÖ) ile
korelasyonlarına bakılmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliği ise iç tutarlılık ve test
tekrar test yöntemleriyle hesaplanmıştır.Yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda MPBÖ,
orjinal formuna benzer şekilde süreç beklentileri ve sonuç beklentileri olmak
üzere iki faktörlü bir yapı ortaya çıkmıştır. Ölçeğin süreç beklentileri ve
sonuç beklentileri alt boyutlarının, Psikolojik Yardım Almaya İlişkin Tutum
Ölçeği ile  pozitif ve Psikoterapi
Hakkındaki Düşünceler Ölçeği alt boyutlarıyla negative yönde ilişkili olduğu
saptanmıştır. Ölçeğin süreç alt boyutu iç tutarlılık kat sayısı .84, test
tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı .82 , sonuç alt boyutu iç tutarlılık kat
sayısı .88, test tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı ise .76 olarak bulunmuştur.
MPBÖ’nün Türk kültüründe bireylerin psikoterapi beklentilerini ölçebilmek
amacıyla kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Psikoterapi, Psikoterapi beklentileri, Geçerlik, Güvenirlik

References

• Berzins, J. E. (1971). Revision of the psychotherapy expectancy inventory, Unpublished manuscript.
• Bollen, K.A. (1990). Overall fit in covariance structure models: Two types of sample size effects, Psychological Bulletin, 107 (2), 256-59.
• Connolly Gibbons, M. B., Crits-Christoph, P., de la Cruz, C., Barber, J. P., Siqueland, L. ve Gladis, M. (2003). Pretreatment expectations, interpersonal functioning, and symptoms in the prediction of the therapeutic alliance across supportive-expressive psychotherapy and cognitive therapy. Psychotherapy Research, 13(1), 59-76, doi: 10.1093/ptr/kpg007
• Constantino, M. J (2012) Believing is seeing: An evolving research program on patients' psychotherapy expectations. Psychotherapy Research, 22(2), 127-138, doi: 10.1080/10503307.2012.663512
• Constantino, M. J., Glass, C. R., Arnkoff, D. B., Ametrano, R. M. ve Smith, J. Z. (2011). Expectations. In (J. C. Norcross, Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work: Evidence-based responsiveness, 354-376. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
• Constantino, M, J., Ametrano, R. M. ve Greenberg, R. P. (2012). Clinician intervention and participant characteristics that foster adaptive patient expectations for psychotherapy and psychotherapeutic change. Psychotherapy, 49, 557-569. doi:10.1031/a0029440
• Dew, S. E. ve Bickman, L. (2005). Client expectancies about therapy, Mental Health Services Research, 7, 21-33. doi:10.1007/s11020-005-1963-5
• Ekberg, S., Barnes, R.K., Kessler, D.S., Malpass, A. ve Shaw, A.R.G. (2014) Relationship between expectation management and client retention in online Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, doi:10.1017/S1352465814000241.
• Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, İ., Demir, O., Özdamar, K. ve Sanisoğlu, S. Y. (2013). Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve uyum indeksleri. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 33(1), 210-223.
• Fischer, E. H. ve Turner, J. L. (1970). Orientations to seeking professional help: development and research utility of an attitude scale erratum, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35(3). Doi: 10.1037/h0020198.
• Fischer, E. H. ve Farina, A. (1995). Attitudes toward seeking Professional psychological help: A shortened form and considerations for research. Journal of College Student Development, 36, 368-373.
• Frank, J. D. (1958). Some effects of expectancy and influence in psychotherapy, In ( J. H. Masserman, ve J. L. Moreno Eds.), Progress in psychotherapy, (vol. 3.) (p. 21-43). New York7 Grune and Stratton
• Frank, J. D. (1961). Persuasion and healing. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Frank, J. D. (1968). The influence of patients' and therapists' expectations on the outcome of psychotherapy, British Journal of Medical Psychology, 41, 349-356.
• Garfield, S. L. (1994). Research on client variables in psychotherapy, In (A. E. Bergin, and S. L. Garfield Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, (4th ed.). New York: Wiley.
• Glass, C. R., Arnkoff, D. B. ve Shapiro, S. J. (2001). Expectations and preferences. Psychotherapy, 38, 455-461. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.455
• Goldstein, A. P. (1962). Therapist-patient expectancies in psychotherapy. New York: Pergamon Press.
• Gonzalez, J. M., Tinsley, H. E. A. ve Kreuder, K. R. (2002). Effects of psychoeducational interventions on opinions of mental illness, attitudes toward help seeking, and expectations about psychotherapy in college students. Journal of College Student Development, 43(1), 51–63.
• Greenberg, R. P., Constantino, M. J. ve Bruce, N. (2006). Are patient expectations still relevant for psychotherapy process and outcome?. Clinical psychology review, 26(6), 657-678.
• Grencavage, L.M. ve Norcross, J.C. (1990). Where are the commonalities among the therapeutic common factors? Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21, 372-378. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.21.5.372
• Heilbrun , A.B. (1972). Effects of briefing upon client satisfaction with the initial counseling contact. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 38, 50-56.
• Kaplan, D. (2000). Structural equation modeling: foundations and extensions advanced quantitative techniques in the social sciences. USA: Sage Publications, Inc.
• Kline, B.R. (2011). Principles and practice of structural modeling (3. bs.). New York-London: The Guilford Press.
• Kushner, M. G. ve Sher, K. J. (1989). Fears of psychological treatment and its relation to mental health service avoidance. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 20, 251–257.
• Lambert, M. J. ve Barley, D. E. (2001). Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(4), 357-361. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.357
• Norberg, M. M., Wetterneck, C. T., Sass, D. A. ve Kanter, J. W. (2011). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Milwaukee Psychotherapy Expectations Questionnaire. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(6), 574-590. doi:10.1002/jclp.20781
• Sousa, V. ve Rojjanasrirat W. (2011). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: A clear and user-friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17, 268-274.
• Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş temel ilkeler ve lisrel uygulamaları. Ankara: Ekinox
• Tambling, R. B., Wong, A.G. ve Anderson, S. R. (2014). Client expectations about couple therapy. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 42(4), 29–41.
• Tinsley, H. E. ve Harris, D. J. (1976). Client expectations for counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 23(3), 173-177. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.23.3.173
• Tinsley, H. E. A., Workman, K. R. ve Kass, R. A. (1980). Factor analysis of the domain of client expectancies about counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, 561-570.
• Tinsley, H. E., Brown, M. T., de St. Aubin, T. ve Lucek, J. (1984). Relationship between expectancies for a helping relationship and tendency to seek help from a campus help provider. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(2), 149-160. doi: 10.1037/0022- 0167.31.2.149
• Tinsley, D. J., Holt, M. S., Hinson, J. A. ve Tinsley, H. E. A. (1991). Aconstruct validation study of the Expectations About Counseling Brief Form: Factorial validity. Measurement and Evaluation in Counselingand Development, 24(3), 101–110.
• Tinsley, H. E. A., Bowman, S. L. ve Barich, A. W. (1993). Counselingpsychologists’ perceptions of the occurrence and effects of unrealisticexpectations about counseling and psychotherapy among their clients. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40(1), 46–52.
• Topkaya, N. (2011). Psikolojik yardım alma niyetinin sosyal damgalanma, tedavi korkusu, beklenen yarar, beklenen risk ve tutum faktörleriyle modellenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi.
• Volpe E. G. (2014). Belief in the efficacy of psychotherapy (BEP): Psychometric scale development and examination of theoretical correlates. University of Tennessee – Knoxville.
• Wierzbicki, M. ve Pekarik, G. (1993). A meta-analysis of psychotherapy dropout. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 24, 190-195.