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Analysis Of Spatial Risk Factors Related To Crime By Forensic Sociological Perspective

Year 2020, Volume: 15 Issue: 21, 428 - 453, 31.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.648796

Abstract

In the researches, it was concluded that the lack of micro-level physical
measures in the crime scene had a significant effect on the committing of
violent crimes. In addition, the lack of sociological factors such as
collective consciousness, social control and social sensitivity affect the rate
of violent crimes. This study aims to identify spatial risk factors that
increase or decrease the crimes against property, damage to property, theft and
loot crimes from a forensic sociological perspective. In this study, a
quantitative research method was used and a questionnaire was applied to 154
prisoners and inmates who committed crimes against their assets. According to
the results of the logistic regression analysis obtained according to the
answers made to the questionnaire; the fact that the space is open to the
public sphere reduces the risk of committing a crime, and the absence of people
in the environment and the evaluation of the target as appropriate and
accessible by the prisoner increases the risk of committing the crime. At this
point, the human element in the space has the feature of preventing the crime and
in case of the occurrence of the crime, it is important to clarify the incident
by means of witness evidence.

References

  • Anderson, J. M., MacDonald, J. M., Bluthenthal, R. ve Ashwood, J.S. (2012). Reducing Crime by shaping the built environment with zoning: An Empirical study of Los Angeles. University of Pennsylvania Law Review.
  • Bentham J. (1979). An ıntroduction to the principles of morals and legislation, (J. Jacopy ed.), Classics of Criminology, içinde (s. 61-64).Oak Park, IL: Moore Publishing Company, Inc. ,
  • Brantingham, P. L. ve Brantingham, P. J. (1993). Nodes, paths and edges: Considerations on the complexity of crime and the physical environment, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13(1), 3–28.
  • Clarke, R.V. ve Felson, M. (2004). Routine activity and rational choice theory advance in criminological theory. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
  • Cohen, L.E. ve Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review.
  • Forst B. (2004). Errors of justice: Nature, sources and remedies. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Füsun A. (1997). Suça etken olabilecek kişilik boyutlarının incelenmesi, Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Anabilim Dalı.
  • Groff, E. D, Weisburd, N. ve Morris, A. (2009). Where the action is at places: Examining spatio-temporal patterns of juvenile crime at places using trajectory analysis and Gıs. Putting Crime In Its Place, New York: Springer.
  • He, L., Páez, A. ve Liu, D. (2017). Built environment and violent crime: An environmental audit approach using Google Street View. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 66, 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2017.08.001.
  • IBM Knowledge Center (t.y). Logistic regression variable selection methods, https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/ko/SSLVMB_23.0.0/spss/regression/logistic_regression_methods.html adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Macions, J. J. (2015). Sosyoloji. (Çev. Ed.: V. Akan), 13. Baskı, Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Malleson, N. ve Birkin, M. (2012). Analysis of crime patterns through the ıntegration of anagent-based model and a population microsimulation, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 36(6), 551–561.
  • Petherick, W., Turvey, B. ve Ferguson, C. (2010). Forensic criminology. Netherlands: Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Sampson, R. ve Raudenbush, J.S.W. (2004). Seeing disorder: Neighborhood stigma and the social construction of broken windows. Social Psychology Quarterly, 67(4), 319–342.
  • Sherman, L. W., Gartin, P. R. ve Buerger, M. E. (1989). Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology, 27 (1), 30-31.
  • TUİK(t.y) , Ceza infaz kurumuna giren hükümlü verilerine göre mala zarar verme suçunu işleyen bireyler. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1070 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Ünal B. (2007). Toplumbilim açısından yeni bir alan: adli toplumbilim’e doğru (adli sosyoloji).Adli Psikiyatri Dergisi, 4, 37-41.

Suça İlişkin Mekânsal Risk Faktörlerinin Adli Sosyolojik Bakış Açısıyla Analizi

Year 2020, Volume: 15 Issue: 21, 428 - 453, 31.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.648796

Abstract

Yapılan araştırmalarda suç mekânında bulunan mikro düzey fiziksel
tedbirlerin eksikliğinin şiddet suçlarının işlenmesinde anlamlı düzeyde etkisi
olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra kolektif bilinç, toplumsal
denetim ve toplumsal duyarlılık gibi sosyolojik faktörlerin eksikliği de şiddet
suçlarının oranını etkilemektedir. Mal varlığına karşı suçlar, mala zarar
verme, hırsızlık ve yağma suçlarının işlenmesini artıran veya azaltan mekânsal
risk faktörlerinin tespit edilmesini amaçlayan bu çalışma, adli sosyolojik
bakış açısıyla ele alınmıştır. Nicel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı
çalışmada malvarlığına karşı suçları işleyen 154 tutuklu ve mahkûma anket formu
uygulanmıştır. Anket formuna verilen cevaplar doğrultusunda yapılan
sınıflandırma sonucu elde edilen lojistik regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre;
mekânın kamusal alana açık olması suç işlenmesi riskini azaltırken, çevrede
insan bulunmaması, hedefin tutuklu ve mahkûm tarafından müsait ve erişilebilir
olarak değerlendirilmesi suçun işlenme riskini arttırmaktadır. Bu noktada
mekânda yer alan insan unsuru, hem suçu engelleme özelliği taşımakta hem de
suçun oluşması durumunda görgü tanığı delilleri vasıtasıyla olayın
aydınlatılmasında önem teşkil etmektedir.

References

  • Anderson, J. M., MacDonald, J. M., Bluthenthal, R. ve Ashwood, J.S. (2012). Reducing Crime by shaping the built environment with zoning: An Empirical study of Los Angeles. University of Pennsylvania Law Review.
  • Bentham J. (1979). An ıntroduction to the principles of morals and legislation, (J. Jacopy ed.), Classics of Criminology, içinde (s. 61-64).Oak Park, IL: Moore Publishing Company, Inc. ,
  • Brantingham, P. L. ve Brantingham, P. J. (1993). Nodes, paths and edges: Considerations on the complexity of crime and the physical environment, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13(1), 3–28.
  • Clarke, R.V. ve Felson, M. (2004). Routine activity and rational choice theory advance in criminological theory. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
  • Cohen, L.E. ve Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review.
  • Forst B. (2004). Errors of justice: Nature, sources and remedies. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Füsun A. (1997). Suça etken olabilecek kişilik boyutlarının incelenmesi, Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Anabilim Dalı.
  • Groff, E. D, Weisburd, N. ve Morris, A. (2009). Where the action is at places: Examining spatio-temporal patterns of juvenile crime at places using trajectory analysis and Gıs. Putting Crime In Its Place, New York: Springer.
  • He, L., Páez, A. ve Liu, D. (2017). Built environment and violent crime: An environmental audit approach using Google Street View. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 66, 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2017.08.001.
  • IBM Knowledge Center (t.y). Logistic regression variable selection methods, https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/ko/SSLVMB_23.0.0/spss/regression/logistic_regression_methods.html adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Macions, J. J. (2015). Sosyoloji. (Çev. Ed.: V. Akan), 13. Baskı, Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Malleson, N. ve Birkin, M. (2012). Analysis of crime patterns through the ıntegration of anagent-based model and a population microsimulation, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 36(6), 551–561.
  • Petherick, W., Turvey, B. ve Ferguson, C. (2010). Forensic criminology. Netherlands: Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Sampson, R. ve Raudenbush, J.S.W. (2004). Seeing disorder: Neighborhood stigma and the social construction of broken windows. Social Psychology Quarterly, 67(4), 319–342.
  • Sherman, L. W., Gartin, P. R. ve Buerger, M. E. (1989). Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology, 27 (1), 30-31.
  • TUİK(t.y) , Ceza infaz kurumuna giren hükümlü verilerine göre mala zarar verme suçunu işleyen bireyler. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1070 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Ünal B. (2007). Toplumbilim açısından yeni bir alan: adli toplumbilim’e doğru (adli sosyoloji).Adli Psikiyatri Dergisi, 4, 37-41.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Aykut Çalışkan 0000-0002-1886-6991

Tuğça Poyraz 0000-0003-3717-4728

Publication Date January 31, 2020
Acceptance Date January 23, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 15 Issue: 21

Cite

APA Çalışkan, A., & Poyraz, T. (2020). Suça İlişkin Mekânsal Risk Faktörlerinin Adli Sosyolojik Bakış Açısıyla Analizi. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 15(21), 428-453. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.648796