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Validity And Reliability Analysis of Intrinsic Leisure Motivation Scale

Year 2020, Volume: 15 Issue: 24, 2838 - 2855, 30.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.705201

Abstract

The aim of this study is to make the validity and reliability analyzes of the intrinsic leisure motivation scale and gain them to the literature. The research is based on the analysis conducted in the light of data collected from 748 students by test-retest method. The data were subjected to KMO-Barlett test with 353 participants and exploratory factor analysis was used after determining that sample size was suitable for analysis (.92; 3366, 957, p <0.001). A valid structure was tried to be established by exploratory factor analysis and a final scale form consisting of 5 sub-dimensions and 23 items was reached. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, the cut-off value was taken as .40, and the variance value was 57.53% in total. Item 7, which was found to give a load to each other from the scale items, was excluded from the test, and 5. Subdimension items were reverse coded. The test was tested by structure confirmatory factor analysis after the second data collection on 395 participants by retest method. Confirmatory factor analysis appears to provide evidence of construct validity (RMSEA .070, NFI 0.96, CFI 0.96, NNFI 0.96, x2 / df 2.94). As a result, the measurement tool developed to determine the participants' intrinsic leisure motivation has been put forward as a valid and reliable tool in measuring internal motivation for leisure.

References

  • Backman, S.J., ve Crompton,J.L. (1990). Differentiating between active and passive discontinuers of two leisure activities. Journal of Leisure Research, 22, 197-212.
  • Baldwin ,C.K. ve Caldwell, L.L.(2003) Development of the free time motivation scale for adolescents. Journal of Leisure Research, 35(2), 129-151, DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2003.11949987.
  • Beard, J. G. ve Ragheb, M. G. (1983). Measuring leisure motivation. Journal of Leisure Research, 15, 219-228.
  • Bradley, W. ve Mannell, R. (August, 1982). The effects of extrinsic rewards and reward procedures on intrinsic motivation and psychological experience offlow during play. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Annual Convention, Washington, DC.
  • Chen, M. ve Pang, X. (2012). Leisure motivation: An ıntegrative review. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 40(7), 1075–1081.
  • Chen, M. ve Pang, X. (2012). Leisure motivation: An ıntegrative review. Social Behavior And Personality, 40(7), 1075-1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.40.7.1075.
  • Clancy, R.B., Herring, M.P., MacIntyre, T.E. ve Campbell, M.J. (2016). A review of competitive sport motivation research. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 27, 232-242.
  • Coleman, R., ve Barrie, G., (2000). Yöneticinin kılavuzu: İyi bir yönetici olmak için 525 kural. (Çev. Harmancı, M.),İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Play and intrinsic rewards. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 75(3), 41-63.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Literacy and intrinsic motivation. Daedalus, 119(2), 115-14.
  • Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Deci, E. L., ve Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Deci, E. L., ve Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. R. Dienstbier (Ed.), proceedings of Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Perspectives on motivation içinde(Cilt.38, s.237-288). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Deci, E. L., Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., ve Ryan, R. M. (1991). Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective. Educational Psychologist, 26(3-4), 325-346.
  • Deci, E.L., ve Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
  • Dillard, J. E., Bates,D.L. (2011) Leisure motivation revisited: why people recreate. Managing Leisure, 16(4), 253-268, DOI: 10.1080/13606719.2011.613624.
  • Gungormus, H.A., (2012). The Study of Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of Leisure Motivation Scale. Energy Education Science and Technology Part B: Social and Educational Studies, 4(3), 1209-1216.
  • Gürbüz B., Aşçı F.H. ve Çelebi M. (2006). The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the "recreational exercise motivation measure. 9th International Sport Sciences Congress, 3-5 November, Muğla, Turkey. 1044.
  • Iso-Ahola, S. (1999). Motivational foundations of leisure. E. L.Jackson ve T. L. Burton (Eds.), Leisure Studies: Prospects for the Twenty-First Century içinde (s. 35-51). State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
  • Iso-Ahola, S.E. (1982). Intrinsic motivation: An overlooked basis for evaluation. Parks and Recreation, 17,32-33,58.
  • Iso-Ahola, S.E. (1983). Toward a social psychology of recreational travel. Leisure Studies, 2, 35-4.
  • Kobasa, S. (1979). Stressful life events, personality and health: An inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1-11.
  • Konstantinos, A., Tsorbatzoudis, C. ve Grouios, G. (2002). Perceived constraints on recreational sport participation: Investigating their relationship with ıntrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation. Journal of Leisure Research, 34(3) 233-252.
  • Lesser, J. A., ve Forsythe, S. M. (1989). Antecedents and consequences of the ıntrinsic motivation to shop. Psychological Reports, 64(3), 1183–1191.
  • Levy, J. (1971). An intrinsic-extrinsic framework for therapeutic recreation. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 1, 32-38.
  • Lounsbury, J., Polik, J. (1992). Leisure needs and vacation satisfaction. Leisure Sciences, 14, 105-119. http://doi.org/gth.
  • Manfredo, M.J., Driver, B.L., Tarrant, M.A. (1996). Measuring leisure motivation: A meta-analysis of the recreation experience preference scales. Journal of Leisure Research; 28(3), 188-213.; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection pg.
  • Mannell, R.C., Zuzanek, J., ve Larson, R. (1988). Leisure states and "flow" experiences: Testing perceived freedom and intrinsic motivation hypothesis. Journal of Leisure Research, 20, 289- 304.
  • Murray,C., Nakajima, I. (1999) The leisure motivation of Japanese managers: a research note on scale development. Leisure Studies, 18(1), 57-65, DOI:10.1080/026143699375050.
  • Mutlu, İ. (2008). Egzersiz yapan kişilerin boş zamanlarına yönelik tutumları üzerine bir araştırma:Kayseri İli örneği. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Niğde Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Niğde.
  • Özdemir, A. S., Büyüköztürk, Ş., ve Karaküçük, S. (2016). Explaining destination choices based upon recreational opportunities through ıntrinsic and extrinsic travel motivations. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(2), 3002-3021.
  • Roychowdhury, D. (2018). A comprehensive measure of participation motivation: Examining and validating the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS). Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 13(1), 231-247. doi:https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2018.131.20
  • Ryan, C., ve Glendon, I. (1998). Application of leisure motivation scale to tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25, 169-184. http://doi.org/gtn.
  • Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2000a). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions. Contemp. Educ. Psychol. 25, 54–67.
  • Ryan, R. M. ve Deci, E. L. (2000b). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist. 55(1) 68–78.
  • Vallerand, R.J. (2000). Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory: A view from the hierarchical model of ıntrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 312-318.
  • Weissinger, E., ve Bandalos, D. (1995). Development, reliability and validity of a scale to measure intrinsic motivation in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 27, 379-400.
  • Weissinger, E., ve Bandalos, D. L. (1995). Development, reliability and validity of a scale to measure intrinsic motivation in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 27, 379-400.
  • White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered. Psychological Review, 66, 297–333.

İçsel Boş Zaman Motivasyon Ölçeği Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Year 2020, Volume: 15 Issue: 24, 2838 - 2855, 30.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.705201

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı içsel boş zaman motivasyon ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerini yaparak literatüre kazandırmaktır. Araştırma test tekrar test yöntemiyle toplam 748 öğrenciden toplanan veriler ışığında yapılan analizlere dayanmaktadır. Veriler 353 katılımcı ile KMO-Barlett testine tabi tutulmuş ve örneklem büyüklüğünün analizi yapmak adına uygun olduğu (.92; 3366, 957, p<0,001) belirlendikten sonra açımlayıcı faktör analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi ile geçerli bir yapı oluşturulmaya çalışılmış, 5 alt boyut ve 23 maddeden oluşan nihai ölçek formuna ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucu kesme değeri .40 olarak alınmış, açıklanan varyans değerinin toplamda %57,53 olduğu döndürülmüş bileşenler analizinde 5 alt boyut altında toplandığı saptanmıştır. Ölçek maddelerinden birbirine yük verdiği tespit edilen 7. madde testten çıkartılmıştır, ayrıca 5. Alt boyut maddeleri ters kodlanmaktadır. Test tekrar test yöntemiyle 395 katılımcı üzerinde yapılan ikinci veri toplama işleminden sonra yapı doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile sınanmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizinin yapı geçerliliğine kanıt oluşturduğu görülmektedir (RMSEA .070, NFI 0.96, CFI 0.96, NNFI 0.96, x2/df 2.94). Sonuç olarak katılımcıların içsel boş zaman motivasyonunun belirlenmesine yönelik geliştirilen ölçüm aracı, boş zamanlara yönelik içsel motivasyonu ölçmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olarak ortaya koyulmuştur.

References

  • Backman, S.J., ve Crompton,J.L. (1990). Differentiating between active and passive discontinuers of two leisure activities. Journal of Leisure Research, 22, 197-212.
  • Baldwin ,C.K. ve Caldwell, L.L.(2003) Development of the free time motivation scale for adolescents. Journal of Leisure Research, 35(2), 129-151, DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2003.11949987.
  • Beard, J. G. ve Ragheb, M. G. (1983). Measuring leisure motivation. Journal of Leisure Research, 15, 219-228.
  • Bradley, W. ve Mannell, R. (August, 1982). The effects of extrinsic rewards and reward procedures on intrinsic motivation and psychological experience offlow during play. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Annual Convention, Washington, DC.
  • Chen, M. ve Pang, X. (2012). Leisure motivation: An ıntegrative review. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 40(7), 1075–1081.
  • Chen, M. ve Pang, X. (2012). Leisure motivation: An ıntegrative review. Social Behavior And Personality, 40(7), 1075-1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.40.7.1075.
  • Clancy, R.B., Herring, M.P., MacIntyre, T.E. ve Campbell, M.J. (2016). A review of competitive sport motivation research. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 27, 232-242.
  • Coleman, R., ve Barrie, G., (2000). Yöneticinin kılavuzu: İyi bir yönetici olmak için 525 kural. (Çev. Harmancı, M.),İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Play and intrinsic rewards. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 75(3), 41-63.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Literacy and intrinsic motivation. Daedalus, 119(2), 115-14.
  • Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Deci, E. L., ve Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Deci, E. L., ve Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. R. Dienstbier (Ed.), proceedings of Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Perspectives on motivation içinde(Cilt.38, s.237-288). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Deci, E. L., Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., ve Ryan, R. M. (1991). Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective. Educational Psychologist, 26(3-4), 325-346.
  • Deci, E.L., ve Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
  • Dillard, J. E., Bates,D.L. (2011) Leisure motivation revisited: why people recreate. Managing Leisure, 16(4), 253-268, DOI: 10.1080/13606719.2011.613624.
  • Gungormus, H.A., (2012). The Study of Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of Leisure Motivation Scale. Energy Education Science and Technology Part B: Social and Educational Studies, 4(3), 1209-1216.
  • Gürbüz B., Aşçı F.H. ve Çelebi M. (2006). The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the "recreational exercise motivation measure. 9th International Sport Sciences Congress, 3-5 November, Muğla, Turkey. 1044.
  • Iso-Ahola, S. (1999). Motivational foundations of leisure. E. L.Jackson ve T. L. Burton (Eds.), Leisure Studies: Prospects for the Twenty-First Century içinde (s. 35-51). State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
  • Iso-Ahola, S.E. (1982). Intrinsic motivation: An overlooked basis for evaluation. Parks and Recreation, 17,32-33,58.
  • Iso-Ahola, S.E. (1983). Toward a social psychology of recreational travel. Leisure Studies, 2, 35-4.
  • Kobasa, S. (1979). Stressful life events, personality and health: An inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1-11.
  • Konstantinos, A., Tsorbatzoudis, C. ve Grouios, G. (2002). Perceived constraints on recreational sport participation: Investigating their relationship with ıntrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation. Journal of Leisure Research, 34(3) 233-252.
  • Lesser, J. A., ve Forsythe, S. M. (1989). Antecedents and consequences of the ıntrinsic motivation to shop. Psychological Reports, 64(3), 1183–1191.
  • Levy, J. (1971). An intrinsic-extrinsic framework for therapeutic recreation. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 1, 32-38.
  • Lounsbury, J., Polik, J. (1992). Leisure needs and vacation satisfaction. Leisure Sciences, 14, 105-119. http://doi.org/gth.
  • Manfredo, M.J., Driver, B.L., Tarrant, M.A. (1996). Measuring leisure motivation: A meta-analysis of the recreation experience preference scales. Journal of Leisure Research; 28(3), 188-213.; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection pg.
  • Mannell, R.C., Zuzanek, J., ve Larson, R. (1988). Leisure states and "flow" experiences: Testing perceived freedom and intrinsic motivation hypothesis. Journal of Leisure Research, 20, 289- 304.
  • Murray,C., Nakajima, I. (1999) The leisure motivation of Japanese managers: a research note on scale development. Leisure Studies, 18(1), 57-65, DOI:10.1080/026143699375050.
  • Mutlu, İ. (2008). Egzersiz yapan kişilerin boş zamanlarına yönelik tutumları üzerine bir araştırma:Kayseri İli örneği. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Niğde Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Niğde.
  • Özdemir, A. S., Büyüköztürk, Ş., ve Karaküçük, S. (2016). Explaining destination choices based upon recreational opportunities through ıntrinsic and extrinsic travel motivations. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(2), 3002-3021.
  • Roychowdhury, D. (2018). A comprehensive measure of participation motivation: Examining and validating the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS). Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 13(1), 231-247. doi:https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2018.131.20
  • Ryan, C., ve Glendon, I. (1998). Application of leisure motivation scale to tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25, 169-184. http://doi.org/gtn.
  • Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2000a). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions. Contemp. Educ. Psychol. 25, 54–67.
  • Ryan, R. M. ve Deci, E. L. (2000b). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist. 55(1) 68–78.
  • Vallerand, R.J. (2000). Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory: A view from the hierarchical model of ıntrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 312-318.
  • Weissinger, E., ve Bandalos, D. (1995). Development, reliability and validity of a scale to measure intrinsic motivation in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 27, 379-400.
  • Weissinger, E., ve Bandalos, D. L. (1995). Development, reliability and validity of a scale to measure intrinsic motivation in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 27, 379-400.
  • White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered. Psychological Review, 66, 297–333.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ali Selman Özdemir 0000-0003-1736-7602

Tebessüm Ayyıldız Durhan 0000-0003-2747-6933

Suat Karaküçük 0000-0001-9144-7307

Publication Date April 30, 2020
Acceptance Date March 25, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 15 Issue: 24

Cite

APA Özdemir, A. S., Ayyıldız Durhan, T., & Karaküçük, S. (2020). İçsel Boş Zaman Motivasyon Ölçeği Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 15(24), 2838-2855. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.705201