THE ROLE OF THE OTTOMAN VAQFS IN THE SOLUTION OF THE ISSUE OF HEBRON WITH A FAVOR OF MUSLIMS

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THE ROLE OF THE OTTOMAN VAQFS IN THE SOLUTION OF THE ISSUE OF HEBRON WITH A FAVOR OF MUSLIMS

Abstract

Hebron where is the second most important holy city in Palestine with Jerusalem received great demand and respect in the Ottoman centuries just as all Islamic history. Sultan Selim, who visited the cityafter Jerusalem bestowed and provided great amounts of needs for his folk. From this date, all of directors in the centres and provinces of the Ottoman State took steps for the care and repair of sacred placesin Hebronwithout any delay.

In parallel with this precision, these directors revive the previous vaqfs and add new ones when necessary in order to meet the needs of these places  and pay the salaries of the working staff. 

Additionally, they allocated appropriation from Surra primarily to the Mosque Hebron and other people worked for vaqfs in the city as well as to a part of the folk just as in Mecca and Madina. Both thevaqfsservices and otherallocationsfrom Surra have continued till late Ottomanperiod.

The places in and around Hebron in the period after the occupation, the Jews’ claims and damages to the properties of Muslim and Islamic Works of art bothered not only Palestinian Muslims but also all Muslims in the World. In this regard, in the forming of the legal basis for the holdings of the Muslims’ living areas and in the protection of holy places, the reveal of deed records of the Ottoman archives and vaqfs accounts require an urgent necessity.

In this study we deal with the documents of vaqfs around Hebron by covering the previous periods of occupation namely at the end of XIX. Centruy and beginning of the XXth Centruy. In doing so, the original or copies of title deed of the vaqfs will be applied. We hope that this study contributes to the issue of the holy places in favor of the Muslims in the Palestinian cause.

Keywords

• ottoman awkafs, hebron, muslims, ottoman period

References

1. Mustafa L. Bilge, “Halil”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi,DİA, XV, .s. 305.
2. Eric F.F.Bishop, “Hebron, City of Abraham, The Friend Of God”, Journal of Bible Religion, Vol, 16 No.2(Apr., 1948).
3. Muciruddin El-Hanbeli El-Alimi, El Enisül Celil Bi Tarihi’l- Kuds ve Halil, (Tahkik: İşraf, Muhammed Ali Ataullah), cilt 2, Amman 1999, s.139-140; Mustafa Murad Ed- Debbbağ, Biladuna Filistin, Amman 1982, cilt V/2, s 47.
4. Taha Ahmed Mardini, Havadisi min Tarihi Kuds, Dımaşk no dated, s. 62.
5. M. Sharon, “Al Khalil”, Eİ, Cilt IV, Leiden 1978., p.960; Feridun Emecen, Yavuz Sultan Selim, İstanbul 2011, s.248.
6. Amnon Cohen, Palestine in the 18th Century : Patterns of Government and Administration, Jerusalem 1973, s. 169.
7. M. Shoron, agm, p. 961.
8. For more detailed informationon this subject, see: Mustafa Murad ed Debbağ, Biladuna Filistin, V/2, s.38-131.

9. For Example: Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives(BOA) Tapu Tahrir Defterleri (TT), 427, s.270, 315; TD, 342, 1b-2a.
10. As an example: On 1100/1689, Hebron Foundations trustee Mehmed Aga has dedicated some shops and a khan in Jerusalem for the needs of the Hebron Mosque, el Aqsa Mosque and Sahratullah Mosque: Republic of TurkeyPrime Ministry General Directorate Archives(VGMA), Defter Nu:779, s.140-141.
11. BOA, Nezaret Sonrası Evkaf Defterleri (EV), Nu: 29122.
12. /1869, datedthe accountingrecords: EV, 21630, 1b.
13. /1872 datedthe accountingrecords: EV, 22492, 3a.
14. /1869, dated the accountingrecords EV, 21630 1b.
15. /1872 dated the accountingrecords EV, 22492, 1b
16. EV, 22492 1b
17. /1869, dated the accounting records,EV, 21630 1b.
18. EV, 21630 1b.
19. Qırat: Measureof wheatcrops,barley, etc.
20. İn the year of 1315/1900onrevenuesof this house,asthe money accruedin 1652ghurush20 para. EV, 29122 1b.
21. İn the year of 1315/1900onrevenuesof this house,as the money accrued in 132ghurush20 para. EV, 29122 1b.
22. /1872 datedthe accountingrecords EV, 22492, 1b.
23. /1908 datedthe accountingrecords: EV, 31005.
24. /1869, dated the accounting records: EV, 21630 2a.
25. EV, 21630 2a.
26. /1872 datedthe accountingrecords: EV, 22492, 2a
27. İn the year of1323/1298,the rent of thisthis house 36 Akce.However,the collectioncouldn’t be made: EV, 30709 3b.
28. İn the year of 1323/1907, annualallocation ofthis village, 1200 akçe .All have beencharged: EV, 30709 2b.
29. /1869, datedthe accountingrecords: EV, 21630 2a
30. /1869, datedthe accountingrecords: EV, 21630 1b.
31. /1894 datedthe accountingrecords: EV, 27804 s. 3b.
32. EV 27804 s. 7b.
33. /1869, datedthe accountingrecords: EV, 21630 1b.
34. /1905 datedthe accountingrecords: EV, 30517.
35. TT, 362, 1b.
36. Evliya Çelebi, Seyathatname, cilt , IX, İstanbul 1985, s.98.
37. (BOA) Surre Defterleri Kudüs Surresi (EV. HMK. SR. 3064), s 43.
38. VGMA, 164, 24-145.
39. Officials' salaries take by document from VGMA, Defter-i Esasat, 160-24 s. 145.
40. The Qoran, Bakara, 126; Hacc, 27.