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Anna Komnene'nin İskit Savaşı Anlatısı

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 133 - 155, 03.01.2020

Abstract

Çok iyi tanınan Alexiad, zamanında Anna Komnene’nin ‘tam’ yazarlığına ilişkin tartışmaların artmasına neden olmuşsa da, sonuç itibarıyla bu alanda oldukça kıymetli bir kaynağı durumundadır. Bu makalede, babası İmparator Alexios Komnenos’un (1081-1118) İskitlerle (Peçeneklerle) yaptığı savaşla bağlantılı olarak verdiği bilgilerin kesinlik ve kıymeti değerlendirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Yazar ayrıca zamanında olayların gidişatını karartabilme ve geriye yönelik doğru bir şekilde yorumlanabilmelerini zorlaştırabilecek bazı kronolojik olaylara da yer vermiştir. Anna Komnene’nin anlatısında mevcut olan tutarsızlıklardan ötürü, olayların kronolojik dizilişini yapmak büyük bir önem kazanmaktadır. Neticede yazar, bu makalenin ilerleyen bölümlerinde yer alan bulgular doğrultusunda Peçeneklere karşı yapılan savaşın kısa bir tanımlamasını sunmaktadır.

References

  • Bekker, I. [ed.]. (1853). Michaelis Attaliotæ Historia. CSHB. Bonnæ. Domanovszky, A. (1937). „Chronici hungarici compositio sæculi XIV.“ In Szentpétery, E. [ed.]. Scriptores rerum hungaricarum, Vol. I. Budapest. Gautier, P. (1962). „Le discours de Théophylacte de Bulgarie а l’ autocrator Alexis I. Comnéne (6 janvier 1088).“ REB, 20, 93–130. Gautier, P. (1970) „Diatribes de Jean l’ Oxite contre Alexis I. Comnéne.“ REB, 28, 5–55. Gautier, P. [ed.]. (1975). Nicephori Bryenii Historiarum libri quattuor. CFHB. Brussels. Gautier, P. (1984). „Le typikon de Grégoire Pakourianos.“ REB, 42, 5–145. Hagenmeyer, H. [ed.]. (1973). Die Kreuzzugsbriefe aus den Jahren 1088 – 1100. Hildesheim – New York. Chibnall, M. [ed.]. (1983). The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis. Volume II: Books III and IV. Oxford. Lampsidis, O. [ed.]. (1984). Εφραίμ του Αινίου χρονογραφία, Τόμος Α’. Athens. Mathieu, M. [ed.]. (1961). La geste de Robert Guiscard. Palermo. Moravcsik, Gy. [ed.]. (1967). Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De administrando imperio. English Translation by R. J. H. Jenkins. Dumbarton Oaks. Pertz, G. H. [ed.]. (1926). Annalista Saxo. MHG SS, VI. Leipzig. Pertz, G. H. [ed.]. (1926). Bernoldi chronicon. MGH SS, V. Leipzig Pinder, M. [ed.]. (1897). Ioannis Zonaræ Epitome Historiarum. CSHB. Tomus III. Bonnae. Reinsch, D. R. – Kambylis, A. [eds.]. (2001). Annæ Comnenæ Alexias. CFHB. Berlin. Thurn, I. [ed.]. (1979). Ioannis Scylitzж Synopsis historiarum. CFHB. Berlin. Tsolakes, T. [ed.]. (1968). ’Iwaννου Σκυλiτση χρονογραφiαξ συνεχεıα. Thessalonike. Ahrweiler, H. (1966). Byzance et la mer. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. ΑNAΣTAΣIOY,I: (1959).Oi Παυλıκανοi,’H iστορiα καi η δıδασκαλiα των απο τηξ εμφανησεωξ μεχρı των νεοτερων χροων. Athens (PhD dissertation). Арутюнова, В. Α. (1972). „К вопросу о взаимоотношениях Византии с Печенегами и Половцами во время норманской кампании.“ ВВ, 33, 115–119. Brand, C. M. (1989). “The Turkish Element in Byzantium, Eleventh-Twelfth Centuries.” DOP, 43, 1–25. Buckler, G. (1968). Anna Comnena, a Study. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Diaconu, P. (1970). Les Petchénégues au Bas-Danube. Bucharest. Diaconu, P. (1978). Les Coumans au Bas-Danube aux XI. et XII. siécles. Bucharest. Dieter, K. (1894). „Zur Glaubwürdigkeit der Anna Komnena.“ Byz. Zeitsch., 3, 386–390. Frankopan, P. (1996). “A Victory of Gregory Pakourianos against the Pechenegs.” BSl, 57, 278–281. Gautier, P. (1977). „Défection et soumission de la Créte sous Alexis I. Comnéne.“ REB, 35, 215–227. Golden, P. B. (1990). “The people of the south Russian steppes.” In Sinor, Denis [ed.]. The Cambridge History of early Inner Asia. Cambridge, 229–284. Göckenjan, H. (1993). „Pečenegen.“ In Lexikon des Mittelalters, 6.9, 1845–1846. Holtzmann, W. (1928). „Die Unionsverhandlungen zwischen Kaiser Alexios I und Papst Urban II im Jahre 1089.“ Byz. Zeitsch., 28, 38–67. Howard-Johnston, J. (1996). „Anna Komnene and the Alexiad.“ In Mullet, Margaret – Smythe, Don [eds.]. Alexius Komnenos Papers of the Second Belfast Byzantine Interna-tional Colloquium, 14–16 April 1989. Belfast, 260–302. Hunger, H. (1978). Die hochsprachlige Profanliteratur der Byzantiner. Erster Band. Philosophie – Rhetorik – Epistolographie – Geschichtschreibung – Geographie. Munich. Chalandon, F. (1900). Essai sur le régne d’ Alexis I. Comnéne (1081 – 1118). Paris. Charanis, P. (1949). „Byzantium, the West and the Origin of the First Crusade.“ Byzantion, 19, 17–36. Cheynet, J.-C. (1998). „La résistance aux Turcs en Asie Mineure entre Mantzikert et la premiére croisade.“ In Balard, Michel [ed.]. Eυψυχiα. Mélanges offerts ŕ Héléne Ahrweiler. Paris, 131–147. Йотов, Й. – Николов, Н. (2009). „Походът на Алексий I Комнин към Дръстър (1087 г.). Нови данни и интерпретация.“ In Пътуванията в средневековна България. Матери-али от първата национална конференция „Пътуване към България, пътуванията в средневековна България и съвременният туризъм“ Шумен, 8.–11. 5. 2008 г. Veliko Trnovo, 432–447. Kаждан, A. П. (1963). „Иоанн Mавропод, Печенеги и Pусские в середине XIв.“ ZRVI, 8, 177–184. Každan, A. P. (1977). „Once more about the „alleged“ Russo-Byzantine Treaty (ca. 1047) and the Pecheneg Crossing of the Danube.“ JÖB, 26, 65–77. Kühn, H.-J. (1991). Die byzantinische Armee im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert. Studien zur Or-ganisation der Tagmata. Wien: Fassbaender. Lefort, J. (1976). „Rhétorique et politique. Trois discours de Jean Mauropous en 1047.“ TM, 6, 265–303. Luttwak, E. N. (2009). The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire. Cambridge – London: Harvard University Press. Macrides, R. (2000). „The Pen and the Sword: Who wrote the Alexiad?“ In Gouma-Peterson, Thalia [ed.]. Anna Komnene and her times. New York & London, 63–81. Madgearu, A. (1999). „The Military Organisation of Paradounavon.“ BSl, 60–2, 421–446. Madgearu, A. 2013a. Byzantine Military Organization on the Danube, 10th – 12th Centuries. Leiden – Boston: Brill. Madgearu, A. (2013b). „The Pechenegs in the Byzantine Army.“ In Curta, Florin – Male-on, Bogdan-Petru [eds.]. The Steppe Lands and the World beyond them. Studies in Honor of Victor Spinei on his 70th Birthday. Iaşi, 207–218. Malamut, E. (1995). „L’image Byzantine des Petschénégues.“ Byz. Zeitsch., 88, 105–147. Matthew, D. (1992). The Norman Kingdom of Sicily. Cambridge. Masanov, N. E. (1990). „La dispersion comme la loi générale de l’activité de la société nomade.“ In Francfort, Henri-Paul [ed.]. Nomades et sédéntaires en Asie Centrale. Apports de l’archéologie et de l’ethnologie. Actes du colloque franco-soviétique Alma Ata (Kazakhstan) 17–26 Octobre 1987. Paris, 193–203. McQueen, W. B. (1986). „Relations between the Normans and Byzantium 1071–1112.“ Byzantion, 56, 427–476. Meško, M. (2011a). „Notes sur la chronologie de la guerre des Byzantins contre les Petchénègues (1083 – 1091).“ BSl, LXIX, 134–148. Meško, M. (2011b). „Pečenežsko-byzantské dobrodružstvo uhorského kráľa Šalamúna (1083 – 1087).“ Konštantínove listy, 4, 77–94. Meško, M. (2012). Obnova byzantskej moci na Balkáne za vlády Alexia I. Komnéna. Druhá byzantsko-pečenežská vojna (1083–1091). Nitra. Meško, M. (2013). Pecheneg Groups in the Balkans (ca. 1053–1091) according to the Byzantine Sources.“ In Curta, Florin – Maleon, Bogdan-Petru [eds.]. The Steppe Lands and the World beyond them. Studies in Honor of Victor Spinei on his 70th Birthday. Iaşi, 179–205. Moravcsik, G. (1958). Byzantinoturcica, ΙΙ. Berlin. Oikonomides, N. (1976). „Recherches sur l’ histoire du Bas-Danube aux X/ – XI. siécles: la Mésopotamie d’ Occident.“ In Documents et etudes sur les institutions de Byzance (VII. – XV. s.). London: Variorum Reprints. ПЛЕТНЕВА, C.A. (1958). “ Печеги, Торки и Полоьцы ь южнорусских степях“ МИА СССР, 62, 152–226. Pralong, A. 1988 „Remarques sur les fortifications byzantines de Thrace orientale.“ In Ahrweiler, Héléne [ed.]. Géographie historique du monde mediteranéen. Paris, 179–200. Pritsak, O. (1981a). „The Pečnegs. A Case of Social and Economic Transformation.“ In Studies in Medieval Eurasian History. London: Variorum Reprints, 4–29. Pritsak, O. (1981b). „Two Migratory Movements in Eurasian Steppe in the 9th–11th Centuries.“ In Studies in Medieval Eurasian History. London: Variorum Reprints, 157–163. Расоькıй, Д. А. (1933). Печенђг, Торкu u Берендђu на Русu u Угрiu (Pétchénégues, Torks et Béréndés en Russie et en Hongrie). Prague: Institut Kondakov. Reinsch, D. R. 2000. „Women’s Literature in Byzantium? – The Case of Anna Komnene“. In Gouma-Peterson, Thalia [ed.]. Anna Komnene and her times. New York & London, 83–105. ΣΑΒΒΙΔΗΣ. Γ. Κ. (1991). „Ο Σελτζούκος εμίρης της Σμύρνης Τζαχάς (Çaka) και οι επιδρομές του στα μικρασιατικά παράλια, τα νησιά του ανατολικού Αιγαίου και την Κωνσταντινούπολη (c. 1081 – 1106), B’ 1090 – c. 1106.“ In Βυζαντινοτουρκικά μελετήματα. Athens, 87–102. Shepard, J. (1975). „John Mauropous, Leo Tornicius and an alleged Russian Army, the Chronology of the Pecheneg Crisis of 1048–1049.“ JÖB, 24, 61–89. Shepard, J. (1985). „Information, Disinformation and Delay in Byzantine Diplomacy.“ Byz. Forsch., 10, 233–239. Shepard, J. (1988). „Aspects of Byzantine Attitudes and Policy towards the West in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries.“ Byz. Forsch., 13, 67–118. Spinei, V. (2003). The great Migrations in the East and South East of Europe from the Ninth to the Thirteenth Century. Cluj-Napoca. Stephenson, P. (1999). „The Byzantine Frontier at the Lower Danube in the Late Tenth and Eleventh Centuries.“ In Power, Daniel – Standen, Naomi [eds.]. Frontiers in Question. Eurasian Borderlands, 700–1700. Edited by Daniel Power and Naomi Standen. Houndmills, 80–104. Tăpkova-Zaïmova, V. (1974). „La population du Bas-Danube et le pouvoir byzantin (XI. Et XII. siècles).“ In Actes du XV. congrès international d’études byzantines, Athènes-septembre 1974, IV Histoire, Communications, 331–339. Tăpkova-Zaïmova, V. (1979). „Les μιξοβάρβαροι et la situation politique et ethnique au Bas-Danube pendant la seconde moitié du XI. s.“ In Byzance et les Balkans à partir du VI. siècle. Les mouvements ethniques et les états. London: Variorum Reprints, 615–619. Baсильевскій, B. (1872). „Византія и Печенеги.“ ЖМНП, 164, 1872, 116–165, 243–332. Златарски, В. Н. (1934). История на Вългарската държава презъ срђднитђ вђкове. Томъ ΙΙ. Вългария подъ византийско владичество (1018 – 1187). Sofia.
Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 133 - 155, 03.01.2020

Abstract

References

  • Bekker, I. [ed.]. (1853). Michaelis Attaliotæ Historia. CSHB. Bonnæ. Domanovszky, A. (1937). „Chronici hungarici compositio sæculi XIV.“ In Szentpétery, E. [ed.]. Scriptores rerum hungaricarum, Vol. I. Budapest. Gautier, P. (1962). „Le discours de Théophylacte de Bulgarie а l’ autocrator Alexis I. Comnéne (6 janvier 1088).“ REB, 20, 93–130. Gautier, P. (1970) „Diatribes de Jean l’ Oxite contre Alexis I. Comnéne.“ REB, 28, 5–55. Gautier, P. [ed.]. (1975). Nicephori Bryenii Historiarum libri quattuor. CFHB. Brussels. Gautier, P. (1984). „Le typikon de Grégoire Pakourianos.“ REB, 42, 5–145. Hagenmeyer, H. [ed.]. (1973). Die Kreuzzugsbriefe aus den Jahren 1088 – 1100. Hildesheim – New York. Chibnall, M. [ed.]. (1983). The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis. Volume II: Books III and IV. Oxford. Lampsidis, O. [ed.]. (1984). Εφραίμ του Αινίου χρονογραφία, Τόμος Α’. Athens. Mathieu, M. [ed.]. (1961). La geste de Robert Guiscard. Palermo. Moravcsik, Gy. [ed.]. (1967). Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De administrando imperio. English Translation by R. J. H. Jenkins. Dumbarton Oaks. Pertz, G. H. [ed.]. (1926). Annalista Saxo. MHG SS, VI. Leipzig. Pertz, G. H. [ed.]. (1926). Bernoldi chronicon. MGH SS, V. Leipzig Pinder, M. [ed.]. (1897). Ioannis Zonaræ Epitome Historiarum. CSHB. Tomus III. Bonnae. Reinsch, D. R. – Kambylis, A. [eds.]. (2001). Annæ Comnenæ Alexias. CFHB. Berlin. Thurn, I. [ed.]. (1979). Ioannis Scylitzж Synopsis historiarum. CFHB. Berlin. Tsolakes, T. [ed.]. (1968). ’Iwaννου Σκυλiτση χρονογραφiαξ συνεχεıα. Thessalonike. Ahrweiler, H. (1966). Byzance et la mer. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. ΑNAΣTAΣIOY,I: (1959).Oi Παυλıκανοi,’H iστορiα καi η δıδασκαλiα των απο τηξ εμφανησεωξ μεχρı των νεοτερων χροων. Athens (PhD dissertation). Арутюнова, В. Α. (1972). „К вопросу о взаимоотношениях Византии с Печенегами и Половцами во время норманской кампании.“ ВВ, 33, 115–119. Brand, C. M. (1989). “The Turkish Element in Byzantium, Eleventh-Twelfth Centuries.” DOP, 43, 1–25. Buckler, G. (1968). Anna Comnena, a Study. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Diaconu, P. (1970). Les Petchénégues au Bas-Danube. Bucharest. Diaconu, P. (1978). Les Coumans au Bas-Danube aux XI. et XII. siécles. Bucharest. Dieter, K. (1894). „Zur Glaubwürdigkeit der Anna Komnena.“ Byz. Zeitsch., 3, 386–390. Frankopan, P. (1996). “A Victory of Gregory Pakourianos against the Pechenegs.” BSl, 57, 278–281. Gautier, P. (1977). „Défection et soumission de la Créte sous Alexis I. Comnéne.“ REB, 35, 215–227. Golden, P. B. (1990). “The people of the south Russian steppes.” In Sinor, Denis [ed.]. The Cambridge History of early Inner Asia. Cambridge, 229–284. Göckenjan, H. (1993). „Pečenegen.“ In Lexikon des Mittelalters, 6.9, 1845–1846. Holtzmann, W. (1928). „Die Unionsverhandlungen zwischen Kaiser Alexios I und Papst Urban II im Jahre 1089.“ Byz. Zeitsch., 28, 38–67. Howard-Johnston, J. (1996). „Anna Komnene and the Alexiad.“ In Mullet, Margaret – Smythe, Don [eds.]. Alexius Komnenos Papers of the Second Belfast Byzantine Interna-tional Colloquium, 14–16 April 1989. Belfast, 260–302. Hunger, H. (1978). Die hochsprachlige Profanliteratur der Byzantiner. Erster Band. Philosophie – Rhetorik – Epistolographie – Geschichtschreibung – Geographie. Munich. Chalandon, F. (1900). Essai sur le régne d’ Alexis I. Comnéne (1081 – 1118). Paris. Charanis, P. (1949). „Byzantium, the West and the Origin of the First Crusade.“ Byzantion, 19, 17–36. Cheynet, J.-C. (1998). „La résistance aux Turcs en Asie Mineure entre Mantzikert et la premiére croisade.“ In Balard, Michel [ed.]. Eυψυχiα. Mélanges offerts ŕ Héléne Ahrweiler. Paris, 131–147. Йотов, Й. – Николов, Н. (2009). „Походът на Алексий I Комнин към Дръстър (1087 г.). Нови данни и интерпретация.“ In Пътуванията в средневековна България. Матери-али от първата национална конференция „Пътуване към България, пътуванията в средневековна България и съвременният туризъм“ Шумен, 8.–11. 5. 2008 г. Veliko Trnovo, 432–447. Kаждан, A. П. (1963). „Иоанн Mавропод, Печенеги и Pусские в середине XIв.“ ZRVI, 8, 177–184. Každan, A. P. (1977). „Once more about the „alleged“ Russo-Byzantine Treaty (ca. 1047) and the Pecheneg Crossing of the Danube.“ JÖB, 26, 65–77. Kühn, H.-J. (1991). Die byzantinische Armee im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert. Studien zur Or-ganisation der Tagmata. Wien: Fassbaender. Lefort, J. (1976). „Rhétorique et politique. Trois discours de Jean Mauropous en 1047.“ TM, 6, 265–303. Luttwak, E. N. (2009). The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire. Cambridge – London: Harvard University Press. Macrides, R. (2000). „The Pen and the Sword: Who wrote the Alexiad?“ In Gouma-Peterson, Thalia [ed.]. Anna Komnene and her times. New York & London, 63–81. Madgearu, A. (1999). „The Military Organisation of Paradounavon.“ BSl, 60–2, 421–446. Madgearu, A. 2013a. Byzantine Military Organization on the Danube, 10th – 12th Centuries. Leiden – Boston: Brill. Madgearu, A. (2013b). „The Pechenegs in the Byzantine Army.“ In Curta, Florin – Male-on, Bogdan-Petru [eds.]. The Steppe Lands and the World beyond them. Studies in Honor of Victor Spinei on his 70th Birthday. Iaşi, 207–218. Malamut, E. (1995). „L’image Byzantine des Petschénégues.“ Byz. Zeitsch., 88, 105–147. Matthew, D. (1992). The Norman Kingdom of Sicily. Cambridge. Masanov, N. E. (1990). „La dispersion comme la loi générale de l’activité de la société nomade.“ In Francfort, Henri-Paul [ed.]. Nomades et sédéntaires en Asie Centrale. Apports de l’archéologie et de l’ethnologie. Actes du colloque franco-soviétique Alma Ata (Kazakhstan) 17–26 Octobre 1987. Paris, 193–203. McQueen, W. B. (1986). „Relations between the Normans and Byzantium 1071–1112.“ Byzantion, 56, 427–476. Meško, M. (2011a). „Notes sur la chronologie de la guerre des Byzantins contre les Petchénègues (1083 – 1091).“ BSl, LXIX, 134–148. Meško, M. (2011b). „Pečenežsko-byzantské dobrodružstvo uhorského kráľa Šalamúna (1083 – 1087).“ Konštantínove listy, 4, 77–94. Meško, M. (2012). Obnova byzantskej moci na Balkáne za vlády Alexia I. Komnéna. Druhá byzantsko-pečenežská vojna (1083–1091). Nitra. Meško, M. (2013). Pecheneg Groups in the Balkans (ca. 1053–1091) according to the Byzantine Sources.“ In Curta, Florin – Maleon, Bogdan-Petru [eds.]. The Steppe Lands and the World beyond them. Studies in Honor of Victor Spinei on his 70th Birthday. Iaşi, 179–205. Moravcsik, G. (1958). Byzantinoturcica, ΙΙ. Berlin. Oikonomides, N. (1976). „Recherches sur l’ histoire du Bas-Danube aux X/ – XI. siécles: la Mésopotamie d’ Occident.“ In Documents et etudes sur les institutions de Byzance (VII. – XV. s.). London: Variorum Reprints. ПЛЕТНЕВА, C.A. (1958). “ Печеги, Торки и Полоьцы ь южнорусских степях“ МИА СССР, 62, 152–226. Pralong, A. 1988 „Remarques sur les fortifications byzantines de Thrace orientale.“ In Ahrweiler, Héléne [ed.]. Géographie historique du monde mediteranéen. Paris, 179–200. Pritsak, O. (1981a). „The Pečnegs. A Case of Social and Economic Transformation.“ In Studies in Medieval Eurasian History. London: Variorum Reprints, 4–29. Pritsak, O. (1981b). „Two Migratory Movements in Eurasian Steppe in the 9th–11th Centuries.“ In Studies in Medieval Eurasian History. London: Variorum Reprints, 157–163. Расоькıй, Д. А. (1933). Печенђг, Торкu u Берендђu на Русu u Угрiu (Pétchénégues, Torks et Béréndés en Russie et en Hongrie). Prague: Institut Kondakov. Reinsch, D. R. 2000. „Women’s Literature in Byzantium? – The Case of Anna Komnene“. In Gouma-Peterson, Thalia [ed.]. Anna Komnene and her times. New York & London, 83–105. ΣΑΒΒΙΔΗΣ. Γ. Κ. (1991). „Ο Σελτζούκος εμίρης της Σμύρνης Τζαχάς (Çaka) και οι επιδρομές του στα μικρασιατικά παράλια, τα νησιά του ανατολικού Αιγαίου και την Κωνσταντινούπολη (c. 1081 – 1106), B’ 1090 – c. 1106.“ In Βυζαντινοτουρκικά μελετήματα. Athens, 87–102. Shepard, J. (1975). „John Mauropous, Leo Tornicius and an alleged Russian Army, the Chronology of the Pecheneg Crisis of 1048–1049.“ JÖB, 24, 61–89. Shepard, J. (1985). „Information, Disinformation and Delay in Byzantine Diplomacy.“ Byz. Forsch., 10, 233–239. Shepard, J. (1988). „Aspects of Byzantine Attitudes and Policy towards the West in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries.“ Byz. Forsch., 13, 67–118. Spinei, V. (2003). The great Migrations in the East and South East of Europe from the Ninth to the Thirteenth Century. Cluj-Napoca. Stephenson, P. (1999). „The Byzantine Frontier at the Lower Danube in the Late Tenth and Eleventh Centuries.“ In Power, Daniel – Standen, Naomi [eds.]. Frontiers in Question. Eurasian Borderlands, 700–1700. Edited by Daniel Power and Naomi Standen. Houndmills, 80–104. Tăpkova-Zaïmova, V. (1974). „La population du Bas-Danube et le pouvoir byzantin (XI. Et XII. siècles).“ In Actes du XV. congrès international d’études byzantines, Athènes-septembre 1974, IV Histoire, Communications, 331–339. Tăpkova-Zaïmova, V. (1979). „Les μιξοβάρβαροι et la situation politique et ethnique au Bas-Danube pendant la seconde moitié du XI. s.“ In Byzance et les Balkans à partir du VI. siècle. Les mouvements ethniques et les états. London: Variorum Reprints, 615–619. Baсильевскій, B. (1872). „Византія и Печенеги.“ ЖМНП, 164, 1872, 116–165, 243–332. Златарски, В. Н. (1934). История на Вългарската държава презъ срђднитђ вђкове. Томъ ΙΙ. Вългария подъ византийско владичество (1018 – 1187). Sofia.
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Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Translators

Ebru Emine Oğuz

Publication Date January 3, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

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APA Anna Komnene’nin İskit Savaşı Anlatısı (E. E. Oğuz, Trans.). (2020). Oğuz-Türkmen Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 133-155.