Retinopatili ve Retinopatisiz Diyabetik Hastalarda Dinamik Tiyol Disülfit Dengesi

Abstract

Amaç: Retinopatisi olan ve olmayan tip 2 diyabetli hastalarda serum tiyol (T) disülfit (D) düzeylerinin ve tiyol-disülfit dengesinin (TDD) karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. Materyal ve Metot: Bu prospektif çalışma göz kliniğinde düzenli takipleri yapılan diyabetli hastalarla, onlara demografik olarak benzeyen gönüllü kontrol grubunda yapıldı. Diyabeti olan ve retinopatisi olmayan hastalar bir grubu (DMG), diyabetik retinopatisi olanlar diğer grubu (DRPG) oluştururken sağlıklı gönüllüler kontrol grubunu (KG) oluşturdu. Rutin göz muayenesini takiben 8 saatlik açlık sonrası kan örnekleri alındı. Bulgular: Tiyol seviyeleri KG’ nda; toplam T (TT) 375,18, nativ T (NT) 345,98, D 14,60, D/NT 4,30, D/TT 3,94 NT/TT 92,10 olarak bulundu (oranlar % olarak değerlendirildi). Bu değerler DMG’ unda; 402,97; 361,38; 20,79; 5,99; 5,32; 89,34 olarak bulunurken, DRPG’ nda ise; 370,29; 329,09; 20,60; 6,46; 5,70; 88,59 olarak bulundu. Gruplar arasında T seviyeleri bakımından bir fark bulunmadı. D değerleri DMG ve DRPG’ larında KG’ ndan yüksek bulunurken DMG ve DRPG arasında fark bulunmadı. D/NT, D/TT, NT/TT değerlerinde KG ile DMG ve DRPG arasında anlamlı fark bulunurken; DMG ve DRPG arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Sonuç: Diyabette zamanla vücuttaki antioksidan sistemlerde oluşan yetersizlik TDD’ inde değişikliklere yol açmaktadır. Çalışmamızda D değerleri DMG ve DRPG’ larında yüksek bulundu, TDD bozulmuş izlendi.

Keywords

• Disülfit
• Diyabet
• Retinopati
• Tiyol

Dynamic Thiol Disulfide Balance in Diabetes With and Without Retinopathy

Abstract

Objective: Comparison of serum thiol (T) and disulfide (D) levels and thiol-disulfide balance (TDB) in type 2 diabetic patients who have retinopathy or not. Materials and Methods: The diabetic patients were divided into two groups as patients without diabetic retinopathy (DMG) and patients with diabetic retinopathy (DRPG) and compared to the control group (CG), which included the healthy volunteers with similar demographics. Following a complete eye examination, blood samples were drawn after fasting for at least 8 hours. Results: The total T (TT), native T (NT), D, D/NT, D/TT, and NT/TT were 375.18, 345.98, 14.60, 4.30, 3.94, and 92.10 in the CG, respectively. These values were 402.97, 361.38, 20.79, 5.99, 5.32, and 89.34 in the DMG, and 370.29, 329.09, 20.60, 6.46, 5.70, and 88.59 in the DRPG, respectively. In contrast, D, D/NT, and D/TT values were significantly higher in the DMG and DRPG compared to the CG. However, no significant differences were detected between DMG and DRPG. Conclusion: This study shows that the D values were high in the DMG and DRPG, causing impaired TDB. Our results suggest that the body's antioxidant systems are inadequate over time in diabetic patients, which leads to changes in TDB in the body.

Keywords

• diabetes
• disulphide
• retinopathy
• thoile

References

1. Sen CK, Packer L. Thiol homeostasis and supplements in physical exercise. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:653-669.
2. Cremers CM, Jakob U. Oxidant sensing by reversible disulfide bond formation. J Biol Chem. 2013;288:26489-26496.
3. Yuvaci HU, Akdemir N, Bostanci MS, et al. Evaluation of the level of thiol-disulphide homeostasis in patients with mild and severe preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2016;6(4):394-399.
4. Biswas S, Chida AS, Rahman I. Redox modifications of protein-thiols: emerging roles in cell signaling. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006;71(5):551-564.
5. Circu ML. Aw TY. Reactive oxygen species, cellular redox systems, and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010;48(6):749-762.
6. Matteucci E, Giampietro O. Thiol signalling network with an eye to diabetes. Molecules. 2010;15(12):8890-8903.
7. Prabhu A, Sarcar B, Kahali S, et al. Cysteine catabolism: a novel metabolic pathway contributing to glioblastoma growth. Cancer Res. 2014;4(3):787-796.
8. Rodrigues SD, Batista GB, Ingberman M, Pecoits-Filho R, Nakao LS. Plasma cysteine/cystine reduction potential correlates with plasma creatinine levels in chronic kidney disease. Blood Purif. 2012;34(3-4):231-237.

9. Elbay A, Ozer OF, Akkan JCU, et al. Comparison of serum thiol-disulphide homeostasis and total antioxidant-oxidant levels between exudative age-related macular degeneration patients and healthy subjects. Int Ophthalmol. 2017;37(5):1095-1101.
10. Turkoglu EB, Dikci S, Çelik E, et al. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy. Curr Eye Res. 2016;41(11):1489-1491.
11. Ellman G, Lysko H. A precisemethodforthedetermination of plasmasulfhydrylgroups. Anal Biochem.1979;93(1): 98-102.
12. Erel O, Neselioglu S. A novel and automated assay for thiol/disulphide homeostasis. Clin Biochem. 2014;47:326-332.
13. Baskol G, Gumus K, Oner A, Arda H, Karakucuk S. The role of advanced oxidation of protein products and total thiols in diabetic retinopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2008;18:792-800.
14. Kirboga K, Ozgec AV, Kosker M, et al. Retinopathy and levels of ischemia-modified albumin, total thiol, total antioxidant capacity, and total oxidative stress in serum and aqueous humor. J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:820-853. doi:10.1155/2014/820853.
15. Ates İ, Kaplan M, Yuksel M, et al. Determination of thiol/disulphide homeostasis in type 1 diabetes mellitus and the factors associated with thiol oxidation. Endocrine. 2016;51(1):47-51.
16. Ceriello A, Bortolotti N, Falleti E, et al. Total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter in NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care. 1997;20(2):194-197.
17. Yazıcı AE, Paşaoğlu H, Doğan Y, et al. Tip 2 diyabetes mellituslu hastalarda plazma total tiyol ve eritrosit redükte glutatyon düzeyleri. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences. 2002;22:487-492.
18. Kalayci M, Cetinkaya E, Yigit K, et al. Ischemia-Modified albumin levels and thiol-disulphide homeostasis in diabetic macular edema in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Curr Eye Res. 2020;14:1-6.
19. Gülpamuk B, Tekin K, Sönmez K, et al. The significance of thiol/disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin levels to assess the oxidative stress in patients with different stages of diabetes mellitus. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2018;78(1-2):136-142.