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Covid-19 Küresel Salgınının Yaşlı Bireyler Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 96 - 104, 18.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.741640

Abstract

Bulaşıcı hastalıkların ortaya çıktığı dönemlerde tüm insanlar fiziksel, sosyal, ruhsal, ekonomik ve kültürel olarak etkilenmektedir. Hastalığın tam olarak bilinememesi, tedavi ve bakım konusunda belirsizlikler yaşanması, durumu daha da ciddileştirmektedir. Yeni (Novel) COVID-19 virüsü, ilk kez Çin’in Hubei eyaletinin Wuhan şehrinde 2019 yılı Aralık ayında ortaya çıkmıştır. Çin’de başlayan bu salgın hızlıca birçok ülkeye yayılmış ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından da 11 Mart 2020’de pandemi olarak ilan edilmiştir.
Yetişkin bireylerde gözlenen non-spesifik belirtiler ateş, öksürük, halsizlik gibi üst solunum yolu hastalıklarına ait belirtiler olup, tablo ağırlaştıkça pnömoni, ağır solunum yetmezliği tarzında bulgular gelişmektedir. Çocuklarda bulgular genellikle asemptomatik veya çok hafif düzeyde bir üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu şeklinde ortaya çıkmasına rağmen yetişkin ve özellikle de yaşlı bireylerde daha ağır bulgularla hastalık kendini göstermektedir. Çocuklarda pnömoni olgusu nadir görülürken yaşlılarda çoğunlukla rastlanan ve mortaliteye neden olan en önemli bir semptomdur.
Yaşın ilerlemesiyle ortaya çıkan fizyoljik, psikolojik ve sosyal değişimler, yaşlının bir kronik hastalığının ya da komorbid hastalıklarının olması, çoklu ilaç kullanımı gibi durumlar, yaşlıları bu hastalığa daha yatkın hale getirmektedir. Görüldüğü gibi bu hastalığın yaşlılarda ağır semptomlara ve fataliteye neden olması gerekçesiyle yaşlılarda tedbirlerin daha dikkatli ve emin adımlarla alınması gerekmektedir. Hastalıktan korunmada el hijyeni, damlacık ve sosyal izolasyon önlemleri önemlidir. Bu önlemlerin dikkatli ve aksatılmadan uygulanmasının pandemiyi azaltacağı umulmaktadır. COVID-19 virüsünün yaşlı bireyleri daha çok etkilemesi ve yaşlılarda ölümle sonuçlanan bir virüs olması nedeniyle, bu süreçte yaşlı bireyler virüsle mücadele konusunda önemli bir konuma sahip hale gelmiştir.

References

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Evaluation of the COVID-19 Global Epidemic in the Context of the Elderly Individuals

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 96 - 104, 18.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.741640

Abstract

In the period when infectious diseases occur, all people are physically, socially, spiritually, economically and culturally affected. The fact that the disease is not fully known, and the uncertainties about treatment and care make the situation more serious. The COVID-19 virus first appeared in Wuhan, China's Hubei province, in December 2019. This epidemic that started in China spread rapidly to many countries and was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Non-specific symptoms observed in adult individuals are symptoms of upper respiratory diseases such as fever, cough, and weakness, and symptoms develop in the form of pneumonia and severe respiratory failure as the condition becomes serious. Although the findings usually appear as an asymptomatic or very mild upper respiratory tract infection in children, the disease manifests with more severe findings in adults and especially elderly individuals. While pneumonia is rare in children, it is the most common symptom that causes mortality in the elderly.
Physiological, psychological and social changes that occur with the advancement of age, the presence of a chronic disease or co morbid diseases of the elderly, and multiple drug use make the elderly more prone to this disease. As can be seen, precautions should be taken with more careful and confident steps in the elderly, as this disease causes severe symptoms and fatality in the elderly. Hand hygiene, droplet and social isolation measures are important in preventing disease. Careful and uninterrupted implementation of these measures is expected to reduce pandemics. Because the COVID-19 virus affects older individuals more and is a death-causing virus in the elderly, older individuals have gained an important position in the fight against the virus in this process.

References

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  • Luo Y, Hawkley LC, Waite LJ, Cacioppo JT. (2012). Loneliness, health, and mortality in old age: a national longitudinal study. Social Science and Medicine, 74(6), 907–914. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.028.
  • McMichael TM, Currie DW, Clark S, Pogosjans S, Kay M, Schwartz NG ve ark. (2020). Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility in King County, Washington. The New England Journal of Medicine. 382. 1-7. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2005412.
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  • Peerenboom L, Collard RM, Naarding P, Comijs HC. (2015). The association between depression and emotional and social loneliness in older persons and the influence of social support, cognitive functioning and personality: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 182, 26-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.033.
  • Priebe HJ. (2000). The aged cardiovasculer risk patient. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 85(5), 763-78.
  • Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, Bretzel G, Froeschl G, Wallrauch C ve ark. (2020). Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(10), 970-971.
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There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing
Journal Section Review
Authors

Merve Ayşe Şahin 0000-0003-3169-2911

Publication Date April 18, 2021
Submission Date May 22, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şahin, M. A. (2021). Covid-19 Küresel Salgınının Yaşlı Bireyler Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 96-104. https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.741640