Theory of Mind: Assessment of Underlying Cognitive Components of Reading in Elementary School Grades

Abstract

The research aimed to construct a test based on the theory of mind, which is an important variable affecting reading comprehension and listening comprehension skills in the context of Turkish language skills in elementary school children. Based on the purpose of the research, the theory of mind test was tried to be constructed. During the process, writing the test items, making pilot applications, item analysis, and reliability studies were followed. The sample of the research consisted of two 3rd grade classes (N=52) of a public school located in Aydın province Efeler district. The theory of mind test was used as a data collection tool in the study. Three different false belief tasks (bake sale, birthday celebration, a farm visit) were included in this test. In addition, there are 12 pictures in total in the test, four of which are related to each scenario. Again, the test consists of a total of 18 questions, including six questions related to each scenario. The data obtained in the research were entered into the Excel program. Then the data were transferred to SPSS and Jamovi programs. Item and reliability analyses were run on the obtained data. As a result of the calculations and reliability analyzes of the item difficulty and discrimination indices carried out in the research, it was revealed that the theory of mind test was a reliable and valid test that can evaluate reading skills and related cognitive structures in a more qualified way at elementary school level.

Keywords

• Reading comprehension
• Elementary school students
• Simple view of reading (SVR)
• Cognitive skills
• Theory of mind

Zihin Kuramı: İlkokul Düzeyinde Okuma Becerisini Oluşturan Bilişsel Bileşenleri Değerlendirme

Abstract

Araştırmanın amacı ilkokul çocukları özelinde okuduğunu anlama ve dinlediğini anlama becerisini etkileyen önemli bir değişken olan zihin kuramının Türkçe dil becerileri bağlamında yapılandırılmış bir testini oluşturmaktır. Araştırmanın amacından hareketle zihin kuramı testi yapılandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu testin yapılandırılma sürecinde, test maddelerinin yazılması, pilot uygulamalar yapılması, madde analizi, geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları işlem basamakları olarak takip edilmiş ve sunulmuştur. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Aydın ili Efeler ilçesinde bulunan bir devlet okulunun iki 3. sınıf şubesi (N=52) oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak Zihin Kuramı Testi kullanılmıştır. Bu testte üç farklı yanlış inanç görevi (pasta kermesi, doğum günü kutlaması ve çiftlik ziyareti) yer almaktadır. Ek olarak testte her bir senaryo ile ilgili dört resim olmak üzere toplamda 12 resim bulunmaktadır. Yine her bir senaryo ile ilişkili altı soru olmak üzere test toplam 18 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler öncelikli olarak Excel programına girilmiştir. Daha sonra veriler SPSS ve Jamovi programlarına aktarılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler üzerinde madde ve güvenirlilik analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan madde güçlük ve ayırt edicilik indekslerine ilişkin hesaplamalar ve güvenirlik analizleri sonucunda, yapılandırılan zihin kuramı testinin ilkokul düzeyinde okuma becerisi ve ilişkili bilişsel yapıları daha nitelikli bir şekilde değerlendirilebilecek güvenilir ve geçerli bir test olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

• Okuma
• İlkokul öğrencileri
• Okumaya ilişkin basit anlayış teorisi
• bilişsel beceriler,
• Zihin kuramı

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