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The Effectiveness of the Direct Instruction Model in Teaching the Properties of Matter Unit to Students with Learning Disability and Typically Developing Students

Year 2025, Erken Görünüm, 1 - 30
https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.1595480

Abstract

Introduction: This study examined the teaching of the "Properties of Matter" unit in science education to students with learning disability (LD) who are in mainstream inclusion programs and typically developing students (TDS) in 4th grade elementary school, according to the Direct Instruction Model (DIM), and investigated the effect of this model on students' learning outcomes.
Method: To determine the effectiveness of instructional materials developed according to DIM, a multiple probe design across subjects from single-subject designs was employed for one-on-one studies, while a single-group pretest-posttest design was used for group studies. Data obtained from one-on-one studies were analyzed using line graphs, while the group study was analyzed using the paired sample t-test, a parametric test.
Findings: Following the intervention using instructional materials developed according to DIM, all students showed significant differences in their scores from pretest to posttest. Additionally, after the intervention, students with LD demonstrated parallel development to other students in the group in terms of learning the subject matter. When the development of students with LD was monitored, it was determined that students' learning was retained. When examining the findings obtained within the scope of social validity objectives, it was determined that all students and teachers who participated in the intervention using instructional materials developed according to DIM were satisfied with participating in the study and the instructional process.
Discussion: Following one-on-one and group intervention using instructional materials developed according to DIM, it was observed that all students met the necessary objectives for the science unit on properties of matter. Furthermore, evaluations conducted during the continuation of the instructional process determined that the acquired knowledge showed retention and that students generalized this information. Regarding the intervention process, the positive feedback from students and teachers suggested that the instructional materials were socially valid. In similar studies, instructional tools can be developed and implemented for different topics within the science curriculum.

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Öğrenme Güçlüğü Olan ve Tipik Gelişim Gösteren Öğrencilere, Maddenin Özellikleri Ünitesinin Kazandırılmasında Doğrudan Öğretim Modelinin Etkililiği

Year 2025, Erken Görünüm, 1 - 30
https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.1595480

Abstract

Giriş: Bu araştırmada ilkokul 4. sınıfta kaynaştırmaya devam eden öğrenme güçlüğü (ÖG) olan ve tipik gelişim gösteren öğrencilere (TGGÖ), fen bilimleri dersinde ‘Maddenin Özellikleri’ ünitesinin Doğrudan Öğretim Modeline (DÖM) göre öğretilmesi ve bu modelin öğrencilerin öğrenmeleri üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir.
Yöntem: DÖM’e göre geliştirilmiş öğretim materyalinin etkililiğini belirlemek amacı ile bireysel çalışmalarda, tek denekli desenlerden denekler arası çoklu yoklama deseni, grup çalışmalarında ise tek grup ön test-son test deseni kullanılmıştır. Bireysel çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler çizgi grafiği, grup ile yapılan çalışma ise parametrik testlerden ilişkili örneklem t testi (Paired Sample t Test) kullanılarak analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir
Bulgular: DÖM’e göre geliştirilmiş öğretim materyalinin uygulanması sonrasında tüm öğrencilerin aldıkları puanlar, ön testten son teste anlamlı fark göstermiştir. Ayrıca uygulama sonrasında ÖG olan öğrenciler konuları öğrenmeleri bakımından grupta yer alan öğrencilere paralel bir gelişim göstermiştir. ÖG olan öğrencilerin gelişimleri izlendiğinde öğrencilerin öğrenmelerinin kalıcı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sosyal geçerlik amaçları kapsamında elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde ise; DÖM’e göre geliştirilmiş öğretim materyalinin uygulamasına katılan öğrencilerin ve öğretmenlerin tamamının çalışmaya katılmaktan ve öğretim sürecinden memnun oldukları belirlenmiştir.
Tartışma: DÖM’e göre geliştirilmiş öğretim materyalinin bireysel ve grup uygulamaları sonrasında tüm öğrencilerde fen bilimleri maddenin özellikleri ünitesi için gerekli olan amaçları karşıladıkları görülmüştür. Ayrıca öğretim sürecinin devamında yapılan değerlendirmelerde kazanılan bilgilerin öğrencilerde kalıcılık gösterdiği ve bilgileri genelledikleri belirlenmiştir. Uygulama sürecine yönelik olarak ise öğrenci ve öğretmenlerin olumlu görüş bildirmeleri, öğretim materyalinin sosyal açıdan geçerli olduğu izlenimi vermiştir. Benzer çalışmalarda fen bilimleri dersi içerisinde yer alan farklı konulara yönelik öğretim araçları geliştirilerek uygulanabilir.

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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Inclusive Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hakan Metin 0000-0002-4418-6631

Banu Altunay 0000-0001-6625-5303

Early Pub Date August 25, 2025
Publication Date October 4, 2025
Submission Date December 3, 2024
Acceptance Date July 24, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Erken Görünüm

Cite

APA Metin, H., & Altunay, B. (2025). The Effectiveness of the Direct Instruction Model in Teaching the Properties of Matter Unit to Students with Learning Disability and Typically Developing Students. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi1-30. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.1595480