Otoklavlama-Retrogradasyon yöntemi uygulanarak pirinç nişastasından elde edilen enzime dirençli nişastanın ekmek hamuru reolojisi ve ekmeğin bazı kimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma ile son yıllarda popüleritesi hızla artan ürünlerden olan enzime dirençli nişastanın (EDN) otoklavlama-retrogradasyon (OR) yöntemi ile eldesi ve ekmek hamurunun reolojik özellikleri ile ekmeğin bazı kimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Başlangıçta bileşiminde EDN bulunmayan saf pirinç nişastasına OR yöntemi uygulandığında içeriğinde %0.57 oranında EDN oluşmuştur. OR uygulanmış EDN (ORN)’nin nem, kül ve toplam nişasta içeriği sırasıyla %8.74, %0.50, %70.82 olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen ORN, ekmeklik buğday unu ile yer değiştirme prensibine göre %0, %2, %4 ve %6 oranlarında buğday ununa ilave edilmiştir. Amilograf, Kieffer hamur ve gluten uzayabilirlik testi ve Chen-Hoseney hamur yapışkanlık testleri (CHT) ile farklı oranlarda ORN eklenerek oluşturulan ekmek hamurunun reolojik özellikleri ölçülmüştür. Jelatinizasyonun maksimum noktasındaki vizkosite %6 ilave oranında en düşük değeri (782 B.U.) alırken %2 ilave oranında maksimum kuvvet (Rmax) en yüksek değeri (65.96 g) almıştır. Uzayabilirlik yeteneği %2 ilave oranında kontrol örneğine benzer değerde iken %4 ve %6 oranlarında artmıştır. Yapışkanlık, adezyon kuvveti ve hamur gücü parametreleri üzerine %2 oranında eklenen dirençli nişastanın etkisi olmazken eklenme oranı %4 ve %6’ya çıkarıldığında değerler yükselmiştir. %0, %2, %4 ve %6 oranlarında ORN eklenerek üretilen ekmeklerin dirençli nişasta miktarı ilave oranıyla orantılı olarak artmıştır. Sonuç olarak OR yöntemi ile pirinç nişastasından EDN elde edilebileceği ve %2 oranında ekmek hamuruna eklenen bu ORN’nin reolojik özellikler bakımından kontrol örneğe yakın değerler içerdiği, ancak ekmekte önemli düzeyde diyet lif artışı sağlanabilmesi için ORN’nin en az %6 oranında ilave edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen EDN fırıncılık ürünlerinin fonksiyonel özelliklerini geliştirmede değerli bir bileşen olarak kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pirinç nişastası
• Dirençli nişasta
• Otoklavlama-Retrogradasyon
• Ekmek hamuru

Effects of enzyme-resistant starch obtained from rice starch by autoclavingretrogradation method on the rheology of bread dough and some chemical properties of bread

Abstract

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of enzyme resistant starch (ERS)which is rapidly growing product in recent years obtained by autoclaving-retrogradation (AR) method, on the rheological properties of bread dough and some chemical properties of bread. In pure rice starch (PRS), while there was not ERS found at the beginning, 0.57% ERS was occurred after AR application. moisture, ash and total starch content of AR applied ERS (A-ERS) were found as 8.74%, 0.50%, 70.82% respectively. A-ERS was added in to wheat flour at 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% levels replacement with wheat flour. Effects of A-ERS on dough rheological properties was evaluated by using amylograph, Kieffer dough and gluten extensibility rig (KER) and Chen-Hoseney Dough Stickiness Rig tests (CHT). The lowest amylograph peak viscosity (782 B.U.) was observed when A-ERS was added at 6% concentration and the maximum force (Rmax) measured with KER was shown the highest value as 65.96 g by the addition of 2% A-ERS. The extensibility increased with the addition of 4% and 6% A-ERS while at 2% addition level it was given the similar values with control sample. CHT tests showed that inclusion of 2% A-ERS did’nt cause any significant change on the stickiness, work of adhesion and dough strength but significant increase on these parameters were observed as the level of A-ERS increased from 2 to 4 and 6% respectively. The amount of resistant starch present in the chemical composition of the bread increased proportionally with the addition rate of A-ERS. As a result; RS was occurred with AR application, substitution at 2% of A-ERS gave rheological values at least as good as the control sample. However, in order to achieve significant dietary fiber increase in bread, it was concluded that A-ERS should be added at least 6% level. Thus it can be suggested that A-ERS can be used as a valuable ingredient to enhance the functional properties of bakery products.

Keywords

• Rice starch
• Resistant starch
• Autoclaving-Retrogradation
• Bread dough

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