Karbon bazlı dezenfeksiyon yan ürünlerinin çoklu maruziyet yolları için kanser risklerinin değerlendirilmesi: Isparta içme suyu

Abstract

Dezenfeksiyon yan ürünleri (DYÜ), öncül maddeler ve dezenfektanlar arasındaki reaksiyonlar sonucu oluşan mutajenik ve karsinojenik bileşiklerdir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Isparta içme suyu dağıtım sisteminden bir yıl boyunca aylık olarak alınan numunelerde trihalometanlar (THM) ve haloasetik asitlerin (HAA) konsantrasyonlarının ve türleşmelerinin belirlenmesinin yanı sıra, yutma, dermal absorpsiyon ve inhalasyon yolları ile karbon bazlı DYÜ’lerden kaynaklanan yaşam boyu toplam kanser riskleri hesaplanmıştır. THM konsantrasyonu 24-57 µg/L aralığında, HAA konsantrasyonları ise 12-36 µg/L aralığında değişim göstermiştir. Çok yollu maruziyet dikkate alınarak hesaplanan en yüksek ortalama toplam kanser risk değeri erkekler için 8.3E-05 ve kadınlar için ise 8.1E-05’tir. THM kanser riskine en yüksek katkıyı inhalasyon (ortalama %62), ardından yutma (ortalama %27) ve en düşük katkıyı dermal (ortalama %11) maruziyet oluşturmaktadır. Isparta içme suyu dağıtım sisteminde, THM için hesaplanan kanser risk değerleri, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Çevre Koruma Teşkilatı (USEPA)’nın belirlediği ihmal edilebilir risk değerinden (1E-06) kadınlar için 81, erkekler için ise 83 kat daha fazladır. HAA için çoklu maruziyet yollarından kaynaklı ortalama toplam kanser riski erkeklerde ve kadınlarda sırasıyla 3.3E-05 ve 4.4E-05’dir. HAA için, ortalama toplam yaşam boyu kanser risk değerleri USEPA’nın belirlediği ihmal edilebilir risk değerinden kadınlar için 44, erkekler için 33 kat daha fazladır.

Keywords

• Dezenfeksiyon yan ürünleri
• Haloasetik asit
• Kanser risk değerlendirilmesi
• Toplum sağlığı
• Trihalometan

Life-Time cancer risk assessment of carbonaceous disinfection by-products through multiple pathways of exposure in drinking water: Isparta distribution system

Abstract

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds formed as a result of reactions between precursors and disinfectants in water sources. The aim of this study is to monitor the concentration and speciation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) and in water samples taken monthly from 5 points of the Isparta water distribution system for 1 year. Also, the lifetime cancer risk of THMs and HAAS through oral ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation exposure from tap water in 5 districts in Isparta are estimated. The total concentrations of THMs and HAAs in tap water samples were ranged 24-57 µg/L and 12-36 µg/L, respectively. The estimated total carcinogenic risk levels of THMs for male and female through ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation were 8.3E-05 and 8.1E-05, respectively. Among the three pathways studied in THMs exposure, inhalation contributed 62% of the total risk followed by oral exposure (27%) and dermal contact (%11). In the Isparta water distribution system, the total cancer risk values estimated for THM are 81 times higher for women and 83 times higher for men than the negligible risk value (1E-06) determined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The estimated total carcinogenic risk levels of THMs for male and female through multipathway were 3.3E-05 and 4.4E-05, respectively. For HAA, the mean total lifetime cancer risk values are 44 times higher for women and 33 times higher for men than the negligible risk value determined by the USEPA.

Keywords

• Cancer risk assessment
• Disinfection by products
• Haloacetic acid
• Public health
• Trihalomethane

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