EECHEP: Heterojen sensör ağların ömrünü uzatmak için enerji verimli küme başı seçim protokolü

Öz

Kablosuz Sensör Ağlar, kısıtlı enerjiye sahip pillerle çalışan bir dizi düşük maliyetli, küçük sensör düğümlerinden oluşur. Sensör düğümlerinin sınırlı güç, bellek ve işlem kapasiteleri nedeniyle, düğümlerin enerji tüketimini iyileştiren ve ağın ömrünü uzatan yeni yöntemlerin bulunması önemlidir. Sensör düğümleri arasından küme başı seçimi, kablosuz sensör ağlarda ağın verimliliğini ve ömrünü artırmak için önemli bir role sahiptir. Bu çalışmada ağın ömrünü uzatan, heterojen kablosuz sensör ağlar için bir küme başı seçim yöntemi önerilmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Simülasyon sonuçları, önerilen küme başı seçim protokolünün, ağ ömrü açısından SEP ve LEACH protokollerinden daha iyi bir performans sunduğunu ve daha uzun süre verim sağlayabildiğini ortaya koymuştur. EECHEP'in, sensör enerjisinin verimli kullanımını sağladığı ve baz istasyonuna rapor sunan, hayatta kalan küme başı düğümlerinin sayısını artırmaya yardımcı olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Küme başı seçimi
• Kablosuz sensör ağlar
• Heterojen ağlar
• Sensör ağı ömrü

EECHEP: Energy efficient cluster head election protocol for extending lifetime of heterogeneous sensor networks

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks consist of a number of low cost, small sensor nodes powered by energy constrained batteries. Due to limited power, memory, and processing capacities of sensor nodes, it is essential to find new methods which improves energy consumption of the nodes and prolongs the lifetime of the network. Cluster head election among sensor nodes has an important role in wireless sensor networks to boost efficiency and lifetime of the network. In this study, a cluster head election method has been proposed and evaluated for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, which extends the lifetime of the network. Simulation results reveal that the proposed cluster head election method offers a better performance than the SEP and LEACH protocols in terms of network lifetime and is able to provide throughput for a longer period of time. It is found that EECHEP provides efficient use of sensor energy and helps increase the number of surviving cluster head nodes that report to the base station.

Keywords

• Cluster head election
• Wireless sensor networks
• Heterogeneous networks
• Sensor network lifetime

References

1. [1] Akyildiz I, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E. “A survey on sensor networks”. IEEE Communications Magazine, 40(8), 102-114, 2002.
2. [2] Rekha D, Rajeev G. “cluster head election in wireless sensor network: a comprehensive study and future directions”. International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications, 7(6), 178-192, 2020.
3. [3] Smaragdakis G, Matta I, Bestavros A. “SEP: A stable election protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks”. Second International Workshop on Sensor and Actor Network Protocols and Applications (SANPA 2004), Massachusetts, USA, 22-26 August 2004.
4. [4] Heinzelman WB, Chandrakasan AP, Balakrishnan H. "An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks". IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 1(4), 660-670, 2002.
5. [5] Shepard TJ. “A channel access scheme for large dense packet radio networks”. ACM SIGCOMM, 26(4), 219-230, 1996.
6. [6] Heinzelman WR, Chandrakasan AP, Balakrishnan H. “Energy efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks”. 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-33), Hawaii, USA, 4-7 January 2000.
7. [7] Heinzelman WR. Application-Specific Protocol Architectures for Wireless Networks. PhD Thesis/Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, USA, 2000.
8. [8] Mary SA, Gnanadurai JB. “Enhanced zone stable election protocol based on fuzzy logic for cluster head election in wireless sensor networks”. International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 19(3), 799-812, 2017.

9. [9] Barani S, Visalakshi U. “Super cluster head selection and energy efficient round robin load balancing technique in wireless sensor networks”. International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, 7(4), 10065-10072, 2017.
10. [10] Gupta I, Riordan D, Sampalli S. “Cluster-head election using fuzzy logic for wireless sensor networks”. Communication Networks and Services Research Conference, Halifax, NS, Canada, 16-18 May 2005.
11. [11] Prasath KA, Shankar T. “RMCHS: Ridge method based cluster head selection for energy efficient clustering hierarchy protocol in WSN”. 2015 International Conference on Smart Technologies and Management for Computing, Communication, Controls, Energy and Materials (ICSTM), Vellore, India, 6-8 May 2015.
12. [12] Mhatre V, Rosenberg C. “Homogeneous vs. heterogeneous clustered sensor networks: A comparative study”. 2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2004), Paris, France, 20-24 June 2004.
13. [13] Bandyopadhyay S, Coyle EJ. “An energy efficient hierarchical clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks”. INFOCOM 2003, San Francisco, California, USA, 30 March-3 April 2003.
14. [14] Bandyopadhyay S, Coyle EJ. “Minimizing communication costs in hierarchically-clustered networks of wireless sensors”. Computer Networks, 44(1), 1-16, 2004.
15. [15] Duarte-Melo EJ, Liu M. “Analysis of energy consumption and lifetime of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks”. Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2002). IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, 17-21 November 2002.
16. [16] Wan CY, Campbell AT, Krishnamurthy L. “PSFQ: a reliable transport protocol for wireless sensor networks”. 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications (WSNA’02), Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 28 September 2002.
17. [17] Kalpakis K, Dasgupta K, Namjoshi P. “Efficient algorithms for maximum lifetime data gathering and aggregation in wireless sensor networks”. Computer Networks, 42(6), 697-716, 2003.
18. [18] Tan HO, Korpeoglu I. “Power efficient data gathering and aggregation in wireless sensor networks”. ACM SIGMOD Record, 32(4), 66-71, 2003.
19. [19] Kumar D, Aseri TC, Patel RB. “Distributed cluster head election (dche) scheme for ımproving lifetime of heterogeneous sensor networks”. Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering, 13(3), 337-348, 2010.
20. [20] Soro S, Henizelman W. “Prolonging the lifetime of Wireless sensor networks via unequal clustering”. 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, Denver, CO, USA, 4-8 April 2005.
21. [21] Yuan L, Gui C. “Applications and design of heterogeneous and broadband advanced sensor networks”. 1st Annual International Conference on Broadband Networks, San Jose, California/USA, 25-29 October 2004.
22. [22] Mhatre V, Rosenberg C, Kofmanand SN. “A Minimum cost heterogeneous sensor networks with a lifetime constraint”. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 4, 4-15, 2005.
23. [23] Osamy W, Salim A, Khedr AM. “An information entropy based-clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wiriless sensor networs”. Wiriless Network, 26, 1869-1886, 2020.
24. [24] Preethiya T, Muthukumar A, Durairaj S. “Double cluster head heterogeneous clustering for optimization in hybrid wiriless sensor ntwork”. Wiriless Personal Communications, 110, 1751-1768, 2020.
25. [25] Batra PK, Kushwah R. "Fuzzy logic based cluster head selection method for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks". 2019 5th International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), Solan, India, 15-17 November 2019.
26. [26] Dutt S, Agrawal S, Vig R. “Cluster-Head resricted energy efficient protocal (creep) for routing in heterogeneous wiriless sensor networsk”. Wiriless Personal Communitions, 100, 1477-1497, 2018.
27. [27] Kumar S, Verma SK, Kumar A. “Enhanced threshold sensitive stable election protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network”. Wireless Personal Communications, 85(4), 2643-2656, 2015.
28. [28] Tsai M, Chen Y. "A virtual cluster head election scheme for energy-efficient routing in wireless sensor networks". 2015 3rd International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud, Washington, DC, USA, 24-26 August 2015.
29. [29] Wang MY, Ding J, Chen WP, Guan WQ. "SEARCH: A stochastic election approach for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks". IEEE Communications Letters, 19(3), 443-446, 2015.
30. [30] Hong Z, Yu L, Zhang GJ. “Efficient and dynamic clustering scheme for heterogeneous multi-level wireless sensor networks”. Acta Automatica Sinica, 39(4), 454-460, 2013.
31. [31] Qing L, Zhu Q, Wang M. “Design of a distributed energyefficient clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks”. Computer Communications, 29(12), 2230-2237, 2006.
32. [32] Zhou H, Wu Y, Hu Y. Xie G. “A novel stable selection and reliable transmission protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks”. Computer Communications, 33(15), 1843-1849, 2010.
33. [33] Alla SB, Ezzati A, Mohsen A. "Gateway and Cluster Head Election using Fuzzy Logic in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks". 2012 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, Tangiers, Morocco, 10-12 May 2012.
34. [34] Elbhiri B, Saadane R, Fkihi SE, Aboutajdine D. "Developed Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (DDEEC) for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks". 5th International Symposium On I/V Communications and Mobile Network, Rabat, Morocco, 30 September-2 October 2010.
35. [35] Turgut İA. “Dynamic coefficient-based cluster head election in wireless sensor networks”. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 26(5), 944-952, 2020.
36. [36] Hassan S, Ahmad M. “Energy heterogeneity analysis of heterogeneous clustering protocols”. The International Arab Journal of Information Technology, 19(1), 45-54, 2022.
37. [37] Yalçın S, Erdem E. "An improved SEED clustering model for wireless sensor networks". Politeknik Dergisi, 24, 521-528, 2021.
38. [38] Zhao L, Guo S. “An energy efficient multi-hop cluster-head election strategy for wireless sensor networks”. Journal of Information Processing Systems, 17(1), 63-74, 2021.
39. [39] Naeem A, Javed AR, Rizwan M, Abbas S, Lin JCW, Gadekallu TR. “DARE-SEP: A Hybrid approach of distance aware residual energy-efficient SEP for WSN”. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, 5(2), 611-621, 2021.
40. [40] Singh S, Manju, Malik A, Singh PK. “A threshold-based energy efficient military surveillance system using heterogeneous wireless sensor networks”. Soft Computing, 27, 1163-1176, 2021.
41. [41] Kumar H, Singh PK. “Enhancing network lifetime and throughput in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks”. Wireless Personal Communications, 120, 2971-2989, 2021.
42. [42] Verma S, Sood N, Sharma A. K. “Genetic algorithm-based optimized cluster head selection for single and multiple data sinks in heterogeneous wireless sensor network”. Applied Soft Computing Journal, 85, 105788, 2019.
43. [43] Nandan AS, Singh S, Kumar R, Kumar N. "An optimized genetic algorithm for cluster head election based on movable sinks and adjustable sensing ranges in IoT-Based HWSNs". IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(7), 5027-5039, 2022.
44. [44] Baradaran AA, K. Navi. “HQCA-WSN: High-quality clustering algorithm and optimal cluster head selection using fuzzy logic in wireless sensor networks”. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 389, 114-144, 2020.
45. [45] Djabour D, Abidi W, Ezzedine T. “Fuzzy independent circular zones protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks”. International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 39(3), 157-169, 2022.
46. [46] Boston University Department of Computer Science Research Area. “SEP: A Stable Election Protocol for Clustered Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks”. http://csr.bu.edu/sep (19.09.2022).