Geochemical and petrological features of Carboniferous granites from the Güneydere (Bayburt) area

Abstract

Middle-Late Carboniferous granitic rocks are widely observed in larger outcrops in the Eastern Pontide orogenic belt of the Eastern Sakarya Zone. This tectonic belt is an important part of the Anatolian plate in terms of containing igneous rocks with a wide age and composition range. This study presents new petrochemical-petrological data on Carboniferous granites in the Güneydere and surrounding area of Bayburt (NE Turkey). The granitic rocks, which include an area of approximately 5 km, represent the pre-Jurassic basement in the study area. Besides, they are unconformably overlain by Early - Middle Jurassic volcano-clastics units and Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous limestones. They mainly consist of granite, granite porphyry and aplite, to a lesser extent granodiorite and quartz monzonite. Rocks have high SiO2 contents (60.43-75.51%) and high K calc-alkali to shoshonitic affinities and have been derived from an I-type source. The granitic rocks are metalumine-peralumine in character and are similar to post-collisional volcanic arc granitoids. Whole-rocks major and trace element trends show that plagioclase, hornblende, biotite, apatite, and Fe-Ti oxide mineral fractionations play an important role in the formation of the rocks. It has been revealed that fractional crystallization and assimilation±magma mixing processes play a role in the development of granites. Also, the saturation temperatures calculated from the whole-rock zircon values reflect lower initial magma temperatures. All results obtained indicate that parental magma of studied granitic rocks have evolved from lower/middle crust-derived melts as a result of partial melting and differentiated and emplaced in the continental magma chamber.

Keywords

• Eastern Black Sea
• Güneydere
• Petrochemistry
• Carboniferous granites
• Turkey

Güneydere (Bayburt) civarında yüzeylenen Karbonifer yaşlı granitlerin jeokimyasal ve petrolojik karakteristikleri

Öz

Orta-Geç Karbonifer yaşlı granitik kayaçlar Doğu Sakarya Zonu’nun Doğu Pontid orojenik kuşağında geniş alanlarda dağılım sergilemektedir. Bu tektonik kuşak, geniş yaş ve bileşim aralığında magmatik kayaçları içermesi bakımından da Anadolu levhasının önemli bir parçası konumundadır. Bu çalışma, Bayburt’un (KD Türkiye) Güneydere ve yakın civarında yüzeyleme veren Karbonifer yaşlı granitik kayaçlarda yeni petrokimyasal-petrolojik veriler sunmaktadır. Yaklaşık 5 km bir alanda yüzeyleme veren granitler, çalışma alanında Jura öncesi temel birimleri temsil etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, Erken-Orta Jura yaşlı volkano-klastik ve volkanik birimler ve Geç Jura-Erken Kretase yaşlı kireçtaşları tarafından uyumsuz olarak üzerlenmektedir. Birim başlıca granit, granit porfir ve aplit, daha az oranda ise granodiyorit ve kuvarslı monzonit türü kayaçlardan meydana gelmektedir. Kayaçlar yüksek SiO2 içeriklerine (%60.43-75.51) ve yüksek K’lu kalk-alkaliden şoşonitiğe kadar uzanan bir bileşime sahip olup I-tipi bir kaynaktan itibaren türemiştir. Granitik kayaçlar matalümin-peralümün karakterli olup çarpışma sonrası volkanik yay granitoyidleri ile benzerlik göstermektedir. Tüm-kayaç ana ve iz element trendleri, kayaçların oluşumunda plajiyoklaz, hornblend, biyotit, apatit ve Fe-Ti oksit mineral fraksiyonlaşmasının önemli rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Kayaçların gelişiminde başlıca fraksiyonel kristallenme, az oranda ise asimilasyon ± magma karışımının rol oynadığı ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca, tüm-kayaç zirkon değerlerinden itibaren hesaplanan doygunluk sıcaklıkları düşük ilksel magma sıcaklıklarını yansıtmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar incelenen granitlerin ana magmasının alt/orta kıtasal kabuk kayaçlarının kısmi ergime sonucu türeyerek ve kıtasal magma odasında farklılaşarak yerleştiğini işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğu Karadeniz
• Güneydere
• Petrokimya
• Karbonifer granitleri
• Türkiye

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