Yeraltı sularından nitrat ve sülfatın denitrifikasyon membran-sülfidojenik yukarı akışlı kolon sıralı reaktör sisteminde giderimi

Öz

Kükürt ya da tiyosülfat bazlı ototrofik denitrifikasyon prosesleri, düşük organik madde konsantrasyonlarına sahip atıksu veya yeraltı suyundan nitrat giderimi için etkili ve ekonomik bir çözüm sunmaktadır. Ancak, yüksek sülfat üretimleri, özellikle halihazırda yüksek sülfat konsantrasyonlarına sahip atıksu veya yeraltı sularında, bu yöntemin yaygınlaşmasını sınırlayabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yeraltı suyundan hem nitratın hem de sülfatın giderimi için tasarlanmış ardışık iki farklı prosesten oluşan kombine bir sistemin performansı değerlendirilmiştir. Sistemde, bir membran biyoreaktörde (MBR) gerçekleşen ototrofik denitrifikasyon, yukarı akışlı kolon bir reaktörde gerçekleşen etanol bazlı sülfat indirgeme prosesiyle birleştirilmiştir. Sistemde, yukarı akışlı sülfidojenik kolon biyoreaktörde üretilen sülfürün denitrifikasyon işlemi için birincil elektron kaynağı olarak kullanılması amaçlanmıştır. Sistem, 25 ve 100 mg N/L nitrat içeren sentetik yeraltı suyu kullanılarak ardışık iki farklı işletme koşulu altında işletilmiştir. Sistem, her iki giriş nitrat konsantrasyonunda da neredeyse tam nitrat giderimi sağlamasına rağmen, düşük sülfat indirgeme performansı göstermiştir. Kolon biyoreaktöründe sülfat indirgemesiyle üretilen sülfürün yalnızca MBR'de nitrat giderimi için bir elektron kaynağı olarak kullanılması amaçlanmış olmasına rağmen, düşük sülfat giderim verimliliği, organik maddenin sülfidojenik kolon biyoreaktörden MBR'ye taşınmasına ve miksotrofik denitrifikasyon koşullarının oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Çalışma, kükürt bazlı kombine sistemlerin optimizasyonunun hem nitratın hem de sülfatın eş zamanlı ve etkin giderimi için kritik önem taşıdığını ortaya çıkarmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sülfür-bazlı denitrifikasyon
• Sülfat indirgeme
• Sıralı sistem
• Membran biyoreaktör

Reduction of nitrate by biogenic sulfide in denitrifying membrane-sulfidogenic up flow column reactor system

Abstract

Sulfur- or thiosulfate- based autotrophic denitrification presents an effective and economical solution for nitrate removal from wastewater or groundwater with low concentrations of organic matter. However, the substantial production of sulfate can limit its wider application, particularly in groundwater that already exhibits high sulfate concentrations. This study evaluated the performance of a sequential system engineered for the effective removal of both nitrate and sulfate from groundwater. The system integrates autotrophic denitrification, which occurs within a membrane bioreactor (MBR), with ethanol-based sulfate reduction. A key design feature of this system is the utilization of sulfide, generated in a sulfidogenic column bioreactor, as the primary electron source for the denitrification process. The system was operated using synthetic groundwater containing nitrate at concentrations of 25 and 100 mg N/L in successive phases. While the system achieved near-complete nitrate removal across both influent nitrate concentrations, it demonstrated poor sulfate reduction performance. The original design intended for the sulfide produced from sulfate reduction in the column bioreactor to be used solely as an electron source for nitrate removal in the MBR. However, the observed low sulfate removal efficiency resulted in the carryover of organic matter from the sulfidogenic column bioreactor to the MBR, thereby fostering mixotrophic denitrification conditions. The study underscores that optimizing sulfur-based combined systems is crucial for achieving the simultaneous and efficient removal of both nitrate and sulfate.

Keywords

• Sulfide-based denitrification
• Sulfate reduction
• Sequential system
• Membrane bioreactor

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