The origin and emplacement dynamics of the volcaniclastic and sedimentary clastic dykes in volcanic fields: A case study from the Erenlerdağ-Alacadağ Volcanic Complex (Konya-TURKEY)

Abstract

Distinguishing a volcaniclastic dyke from a sedimentary clastic dyke is one of the major tasks in volcanological field studies due to its different origins. As a volcaniclastic dyke, pyroclastic dykes have great importance in locating volcanic vent facies for ignimbrite-forming eruptions. Here, our purpose is to determine the origin of clastic dykes and find the vent facies for ignimbrites from the Mio-Pliocene Erenlerdağ-Alacadağ Volcanic Complex (ErAVC), Central Anatolia. The ErAVC covers a large area in the southwest of Konya (Central Anatolia,Türkiye) and shows unimodal character. The ErAVC consists of calc-alkaline basaltic-andesite (enclaves), andesite, dacite, and rarely rhyolite. It comprises mainly lava domes/lava flows and their volcaniclastic counterparts (block and ash flows, ignimbrites). The ignimbrites (Erenkaya-1, 2, and 3) compositionally range from andesite to dacite. Clastic dykes cut the Erenkaya ignimbrites in three different locations along the northeast of the ErAVC. The first group of these dykes consists of mainly very fine-grained ash-size material and lithic-rich wall side facies, exhibiting characteristics of a pyroclastic dyke emplaced by the fluidization of volcaniclastic materials. The other one,which is fine-grained material from the edges, while the middle part contains very coarse (block-sized) and dense pumice components. Field studies show that this dyke was emplaced by post-volcanic secondary processes (e.g. sedimentary clastic dyke) as a fissure fill. These clastic dykes indicate that a caldera collapse process in the north of the ErAVC may form the Erenkaya ignimbrites.

Keywords

• Volcaniclastic and Sedimentary clastic dykes
• Pyroclastic rocks and Ignimbrites
• Volcanostratigraphy
• Erenlerdağ-Alacadağ Volcanic Complex
• ErAVC

Volkanik sahalarda yer alan volkaniklastik ve sedimanter klastik daykların kökeni ve yerleşim dinamikleri: Erenlerdağ-Alacadağ Volkanik kompleksinden (Konya-Türkiye) bir durum çalışması

Öz

Volkaniklastik bir daykın sedimanter klastik bir dayktan ayırt edilmesi,farklı köken ve yerleşimleri nedeniyle volkanik saha araştırmalarının ana konularından biridir. Volkaniklastik bir dayk olan piroklastik dayklar, ignimbirit oluşturan patlamalar için volkanizmanın merkezi fasiyesinin belirlenmesinde büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmadaki amaç, Orta Anadolu'daki Miyo-Pliyosen Erenlerdağ-Alacadağ Volkanik Kompleksi'ndeki (ErAVK) kırıntılı daykların kökenini belirlemek ve ignimbiritlerin çıkış (merkezi) fasiyesini tespit etmektir. ErAVK,Konya'nın güneybatısında (Orta Anadolu, Türkiye) geniş bir alanı kaplar ve unimodal bir jeokimyasal karakter gösterir. ErAVK kalk-alkali bazaltik-andezit (anklavlar), andezit, dasit ve nadiren riyolitten oluşur. ErAVK, domlar/lav akıntıları ve bunların volkaniklastik eşleniklerinden (blok ve kül akıntıları ve ignimbiritler) meydana gelir. İgnimbritler (Erenkaya) bileşim olarak andezitten dasite kadar değişmekte olup kırıntılı dayklar, ErAVK'nin kuzeydoğusunda Erenkaya ignimbiritlerini (Erenkaya-1, 2 ve 3) üç farklı noktada kesmektedir. Bu kırıntılı dayklardan ilk ikisi çoğunlukla ince taneli kül boyutunda malzemeden oluşmakta olup kenar fasiyeslere doğru litikçe zengindir ve volkaniklastik malzemelerin akışkanlaşmasıyla yerleşen piroklastik dayk özelliği göstermektedir. Diğer dayk ise kenarlarından itibaren ince taneli ve kül boyutundaki malzemeden oluşurken, orta kısmı oldukça iri (blok boyutunda) ve yoğun pomza bileşenleri içermektedir. Saha çalışmaları, bu ikinci daykın volkanizma sonrası ikincil süreçler (örneğin sedimanter klastik dayk) ile ilişkili çatlak dolgusu şeklinde olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu kırıntılı dayklar, Erenkaya ignimbiritlerini oluşturan volkanik faaliyetin ErAVK'nin kuzeyinde meydana gelen bir kaldera çökme süreci ile ilişkilendirilebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Volkaniklastik ve Sedimanter klastik dayklar
• Piroklastik kayalar ve İgnimbiritler
• Volkanostratigrafi
• Erenlerdağ-Alacadağ Volkanik Kompleksi
• ErAVK

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