Differentiation of muscovites in igneous and metamorphic rocks according to their Raman spectra

Abstract

Muscovite is a dioctahedral mica mineral belonging to the phyllosilicates, also known as sheet silicates. It is also referred to as white mica; muscovites can be found in all major rock groups, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Muscovites, which are common in igneous rocks, especially in S-type granites and pegmatitic rocks, are also present in varying proportions within metamorphic rocks composed of schist and gneiss in the greenschist facies. Phyllosilicates, one of the main types of silicates, possess variable structures and complex chemistries. Due to these structural and compositional differences, the Raman shifts of phyllosilicates can be observed in different spectral regions. Furthermore, variations in the crystallization processes of magma and differences in the pressure-temperature conditions during metamorphism affect the intensity and wavenumber of their Raman spectra. In this study, the Raman spectra of muscovites of both igneous and metamorphic origins were compared, and the differences in their Raman spectra, including peak shifts, were analyzed to elucidate the distinctions between them. There are shifts in the Raman spectra of muscovites due to differences in pressure and temperature. The peak shifts, which typically develop in metamorphic rocks, occur due to the effects of temperature and, especially, pressure. In addition, it is known that peak shifts are also related to the content of elements such as Si and Al in muscovites. It is thought that metamorphic muscovites have undergone preferential orientation due to the pressure acting during metamorphism, and therefore, the peak intensity has increased, and the band width has increased due to structural defects arising from foliation developed as a result of the pressure during metamorphism. The results of this study demonstrate that the origin of muscovites and the rock types to which they belong can be identified by utilising Raman spectra.

Keywords

• Raman spectroscopy
• Muscovite
• S-type granites
• Greenschist facies rocks

Magmatik ve metamorfik kayalardaki muskovitlerin Raman spektrumlarına göre ayırımı

Öz

Muskovit, levha silikatlar olarak da bilinen fillosilikatlara ait bir dioktahedral mika mineralidir. Beyaz mika olarak da adlandırılan muskovitler, magmatik, metamorfik ve sedimanter kayalar dahil olmak üzere tüm ana kaya gruplarında bulunabilir. Magmatik kayalarda özellikle S-tipi granitlerde ve pegmatitik kayalarda yaygın olan muskovitler, genellikle yeşilşist fasiyesinde şist ve gnays bileşimindeki metamorfik kayalar içerisinde de değişen oranlarda yer almaktadır. Ana silikat türlerinden biri olan fillosilikatlar, değişken yapılara ve karmaşık kimyasal özelliklere sahiptirler. Bu yapısal ve bileşimsel farklılıklardan dolayı, fillosilikatların Raman kaymaları farklı spektral bölgelerde gözlemlenebilir. Bunun yanında, magmanın kristalleşme süreçlerindeki değişimler ve metamorfizma sırasındaki basınç-sıcaklık koşullarındaki farklılıklar, Raman spektrumlarının şiddetini ve dalga sayısını etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, magmatik ve metamorfik kökenli muskovitlerin Raman spektrumları karşılaştırılmış ve aralarındaki ayrımların ortaya konulabilmesi için pik kaymaları da dahil olmak üzere Raman spektrumlarındaki farklılıklar analiz edilmiştir. Basınç ve sıcaklık farklılıklarından dolayı muskovitlerin Raman spektrumlarında kaymalar bulunmaktadır. Genelde metamorfik kayalarda gelişen pik kaymaları, sıcaklık ve özellikle basıncın etkisiyle meydana gelmektedir. Bunun yanında pik kaymalarının muskovitlerdeki Si ve Al gibi bazı elementlerin içeriği ile de ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Metamorfik muskovitlerin metamorfizma sırasında etkili olan basınç nedeniyle tercihli yönelime uğradığı ve bu nedenle pik şiddetinin arttığı, bant genişliğinin ise metamorfizma sırasındaki basınç sonucu gelişen foliasyondan kaynaklanan yapısal kusurlar nedeniyle arttığı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, Raman spektrumlarından yararlanılarak muskovitlerin kökeninin ve ait olduğu kaya türlerinin belirlenebileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Raman spektroskopisi
• Muskovit
• S-tipi granitler
• Yeşilşist fasiyesi kayaları

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