Research Article

The impact of JPEG compression artifacts on YOLO-Based object detection models: A comparative study of YOLOv5m, YOLOv8m, and YOLOv11m

Volume: 32 Number: 5 September 13, 2026
EN TR

The impact of JPEG compression artifacts on YOLO-Based object detection models: A comparative study of YOLOv5m, YOLOv8m, and YOLOv11m

Abstract

Deep learning–based object detection systems are widely employed in various domains such as security, healthcare, mobile systems, and smart city infrastructures. The performance of these systems depends not only on the chosen architectures but also directly on the quality of the input data. Lossy compression formats such as JPEG can introduce visual distortions known as artifacts-especially at low quality levels-which significantly reduce detection accuracy and stability. This study systematically investigates the effects of different JPEG compression quality levels (QF=30, QF=60, QF=90) on deep learning–based object detection models. For this purpose, three versions of the YOLO (You Only Look Once) architecture (YOLOv5m, YOLOv8m, and YOLOv11m) were compared under identical data structures, parameters, and experimental conditions. During the revision process, the previously single-class dataset containing only the “person” category was extended to a multi-class dataset including “person,” “car,” “dog,” and “bicycle.” In addition, fine-tuning was performed on low-quality (QF=30) images to re-evaluate the robustness of the models. Experimental analyses focused on standard evaluation metrics such as mAP@0.5 (mean Average Precision), mAP@0.5:0.95, Precision, Recall, and FPS (Frames Per Second). The findings reveal that as JPEG quality decreases, all models experience performance degradation; however, fine-tuning significantly mitigates these losses. The YOLOv5m model demonstrated more stable performance on low-quality data, while YOLOv8m provided a balanced trade-off between accuracy and speed. YOLOv11m achieved the highest mAP values under high-quality conditions. This study comparatively examines both earlier and recent YOLO architectures to provide a comprehensive evaluation of model robustness against compression-induced distortions. The obtained results contribute to enhancing the reliability of AI-based object detection systems operating on compressed images and to guiding future research in this field. The proposed comparative framework can be extended to other degradation types such as blur, noise, and motion for broader generalization.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Algorithms and Calculation Theory

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Early Pub Date

September 11, 2026

Publication Date

September 13, 2026

Submission Date

July 6, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 18, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 32 Number: 5

APA
Temür, G. (2026). The impact of JPEG compression artifacts on YOLO-Based object detection models: A comparative study of YOLOv5m, YOLOv8m, and YOLOv11m. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 32(5), 1023-1032. https://doi.org/10.65206/pajes.23735
AMA
1.Temür G. The impact of JPEG compression artifacts on YOLO-Based object detection models: A comparative study of YOLOv5m, YOLOv8m, and YOLOv11m. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;32(5):1023-1032. doi:10.65206/pajes.23735
Chicago
Temür, Günay. 2026. “The Impact of JPEG Compression Artifacts on YOLO-Based Object Detection Models: A Comparative Study of YOLOv5m, YOLOv8m, and YOLOv11m”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 32 (5): 1023-32. https://doi.org/10.65206/pajes.23735.
EndNote
Temür G (September 1, 2026) The impact of JPEG compression artifacts on YOLO-Based object detection models: A comparative study of YOLOv5m, YOLOv8m, and YOLOv11m. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 32 5 1023–1032.
IEEE
[1]G. Temür, “The impact of JPEG compression artifacts on YOLO-Based object detection models: A comparative study of YOLOv5m, YOLOv8m, and YOLOv11m”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 1023–1032, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.65206/pajes.23735.
ISNAD
Temür, Günay. “The Impact of JPEG Compression Artifacts on YOLO-Based Object Detection Models: A Comparative Study of YOLOv5m, YOLOv8m, and YOLOv11m”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 32/5 (September 1, 2026): 1023-1032. https://doi.org/10.65206/pajes.23735.
JAMA
1.Temür G. The impact of JPEG compression artifacts on YOLO-Based object detection models: A comparative study of YOLOv5m, YOLOv8m, and YOLOv11m. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;32:1023–1032.
MLA
Temür, Günay. “The Impact of JPEG Compression Artifacts on YOLO-Based Object Detection Models: A Comparative Study of YOLOv5m, YOLOv8m, and YOLOv11m”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 32, no. 5, Sept. 2026, pp. 1023-32, doi:10.65206/pajes.23735.
Vancouver
1.Günay Temür. The impact of JPEG compression artifacts on YOLO-Based object detection models: A comparative study of YOLOv5m, YOLOv8m, and YOLOv11m. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026 Sep. 1;32(5):1023-32. doi:10.65206/pajes.23735