AEEE tahmini ve toplama noktalarının belirlenmesi: Çankaya Belediyesi için bir uygulama

Öz

Elektrikli ve elektronik cihazlar (e-eşya), kullanım ömürleri tamamlandığında elektrikli ve elektronik atığa (AEEE) dönüşmektedir. AEEE’ler atıldıklarında, yakıldıklarında veya geri dönüşüm için parçalandıklarında tehlikeli maddeler içeren ürünlere dönüşerek çevreye ve insan sağlığına zarar vermektedir. AEEE’lerin zararlarını en aza indirmek ve geri dönüşümlerinden ekonomik fayda sağlamak amacıyla belediyeler tarafından uygun şekilde toplanması, taşınması ve işlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Çankaya İlçesi Çevre Koruma ve Kontrol Müdürlüğü işbirliği ile Çankaya Belediyesi için AEEE yönetimine destek olacak bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında ilk olarak Çankaya ilçesi için AEEE miktarları televizyon, buzdolabı, çamaşır makinesi, fırın ve elektrikli süpürge için kullanıcı davranışları dikkate alınarak tahmin edilmiştir. Daha sonra AEEE toplama noktalarının belirlenmesi için yer seçimi problemi bir küme örtme problemi olarak ele alınmış ve çözülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• AEEE,AEEE tahmini,Pazar tedarik yöntemi,Yer seçimi problemi,Küme örtme problemi

WEEE estimation and determination of collection points: A case for the Municipality of Çankaya

Abstract

Electrical-electronic waste (WEEE) is generated from electric and electronic devices at the end of their lifecycles. When WEEEs are disposed, burned or disassembled for recycling, they are transformed into products containing hazardous substances and harm the environment and human health. Therefore WEEEs should be collected, transported and processed properly during their recycling operations by municipality authority in order to minimize their damage and maximize their economic benefit. In this paper, a study is carried out for the WEEE management of Çankaya Municipality by the cooperation of Environmental Conservation and Control Department of Çankaya. For this purpose first WEEE with a focus on television, refrigerator, washing machine, oven and vacuum cleaner are estimated based on the electronic device usage behavior of residents in Çankaya. Secondly, the WEEE collection points’ location problem is solved considering set covering problem.

Keywords

• WEEE,WEEE estimation,Market supply method,Location problem,Set covering problem

References

1. Resmi Gazete. “AEEE Yönetmeliği”. http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/05/20120522-5.htm (2012).
2. Matthews H, McMichael F, Hendrickson C, Hart D. “Disposition and end-of-life options for personal computers”. Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA, Green Design Initiative Technical Report, 97-10, 1997.
3. Borthakur A, Govind M. “Emerging trends in consumers’ E-waste disposal behavior and awareness: A worldwide overview with special focus on India”. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 117, 102-113, 2017.
4. Tansel B. “From electronic consumer products to e-wastes: Global outlook, waste quantities, recycling challenges”. Environment International, 98, 35-45, 2017.
5. Zeng X, Yang C, Chiang J F, Li J. “Innovating e-waste management: From macroscopic to microscopic scales”. Science of the Total Environment, 575, 1-5, 2017.
6. Zeng X, Duan H, Wang F, Li J. “Examining environmental management of e-waste: China's experience and lessons”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72, 1076-1082, 2017.
7. Kumar A, Holuszko M, Espinosa, D C R. “E-waste: an overview on generation, collection, legislation and recycling practices”. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 122, 32-42, 2017.
8. Peralta G, Fontonos P. “E-Waste ıssues and measures in philippines”. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 8, 34-39, 2006.

9. Liu X, Tanaka M, Matsui Y. “Generation Amount Prediction and Material Flow Analysis of Electronic Waste: A Case Study in Beijing, China”. Waste Management & Research, 24, 434-445, 2006.
10. Salihoğlu G, Kahraman A E. “Türkiye’de elektrikli ve elektronik atık üretimi: Bursa örneği”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 95-106, 2016.
11. Öztürk T. "Generation and management of electrical–electronic waste (e-waste) in Turkey". Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 17(3), 411-421, 2015.
12. Aras N, Korugan A, Büyüközkan G, Şerifoğlu F S, Erol İ, Velioğlu M N. “Locating recycling facilities for IT-based electronic waste in Turkey”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 105, 324-336, 2015.
13. Robinson B H. “E-waste: an assessment of global production and environmental impacts”. Science of the total environment, 408(2), 183-191, 2009.
14. Erol I, Nurtaniş Velioğlu M, Sivrikaya Şerifoğlu F, Büyüközkan G, Aras N, Demircan Çakar N, Korugan A. “Exploring reverse supply chain management practices in Turkey”. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 15(1), 43-54, 2010.
15. Özkır V Ç, Efendigil T, Demirel T, Demirel N C, Deveci M, Topçu B. “A three-stage methodology for initiating an effective management system for electronic waste in Turkey”. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 96, 61-70, 2015.
16. Kilic H S, Cebeci U, Ayhan M B. “Reverse logistics system design for the waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Turkey”. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 95, 120-132, 2015.
17. Ciddi K, Erol S. “Sürdürülebilir kalkınma İçin AEEE geri kazanım şebeke tasarımı: kritik literatür araştırması ve fırsatlar”. İİB Uluslararası Hakemli Akademik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 03(05), 290-313, 2012.
18. Drezner Z, Hamacher H W. Facility Location: Applications and Theory. Berlin, Germany, Springer-Verlag, 2002.
19. Eiselt H A, Marianov V. Foundations of Location Analysis. New York, USA, Springer, 2011.
20. Daskin MS. Network and Discrete Location: Models, Algorithms, and Applications. 2nd ed. New York, USA, John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
21. Revelle CS, Eiselt HA, Daskin MS. “A bibliography for some fundamental problem categories in discrete location science”. European Journal of Operational Research, 184(3), 817-848, 2008.
22. Daskin MS. “What you should know about location modeling”. Naval Research Logistics (NRL), 55(4), 283-294, 2008.
23. Laporte G, Nickel S, da Gama FS. Location Science. Switzerland, Springer, Cham, 2015.
24. Daskin MS, Coullard CR, Shen ZJM. “An inventory-location model: formulation, solution algorithm and computational results”. Annals of Operations Research, 110 (1-4), 83-106, 2002.
25. Farahani RZ, Rashidi Bajgan H, Fahimnia B, Kaviani M. “Location-inventory problem in supply chains: a modeling review”. International Journal of Production Research, 53(12), 3769-3788, 2015.
26. Prodhon C, Prins C. “A survey of recent research on location-routing problems”. European Journal of Operational Research, 238(1), 1-17, 2014.
27. Ahmadi-Javid A, Seddighi AH. “A location-routing problem with disruption risk”. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 53, 63-82, 2013.
28. Ahmadi-Javid A, Azad N. “Incorporating location, routing and inventory decisions in supply chain network design”. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 46(5), 582-597, 2010.
29. Ahmadi-Javid A, Seddighi AH. “A location-routing-inventory model for designing multisource distribution networks”. Engineering Optimization, 44(6), 637-656, 2012.
30. Ahmadi-Javid A, Ghandali R. “An efficient optimization procedure for designing a capacitated distribution network with price-sensitive demand”. Optimization and Engineering, 15(3), 801-817, 2014.
31. Fattahi M, Mahootchi M, Govindan K, Husseini SMM. “Dynamic supply chain network design with capacity planning and multi-period pricing”. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 81, 169-202, 2015.
32. Plastria F, Vanhaverbeke L. “Maximal covering location problem with price decision for revenue maximization in a competitive environment”. OR Spectrum, 31(3), 555-571, 2009.
33. Ahmadi-Javid A, Hoseinpour P A. “Location-inventory-pricing model in a supply chain distribution network with price-sensitive demands and inventory-capacity constraints”. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 82, 238-255, 2015.
34. Ahmadi-Javid A, Hoseinpour P. “Incorporating location, inventory and price decisions into a supply chain distribution network design problem”. Computers & Operations Research, 56, 110-119, 2015.
35. Karaoglan I, Altiparmak F, Kara I, Dengiz B. “A branch and cut algorithm for the location-routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery”. European Journal of Operational Research, 211(2), 318-332, 2011.
36. Nunnally JC. Domain-Sampling Theory of Measurement Error, Psychometric Theory, 2nd ed. New York, USA,Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, 1978.
37. Baş, T. Anket. Ankara, Türkiye, Seçkin Yayınları, 2001.
38. Üstünışık NZ. Türkiye’deki İller ve Bölgeler Bazında Sosyo-Ekonomik Gelişmişlik Sıralaması Araştırması: Gri İlişkiler Analiz Yöntemi ve Uygulaması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye, 2007.
39. Gelir İdaresi Başkanlığı. “Amortisman Oranları”. http://www.gib.gov.tr/fileadmin/user_upload/Yararli_Bilgiler/amortisman_oranlari2009.html (2012).
40. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Sanayi ve İş İstatistikleri Daire Başkanlığı. “Yıllık Sanayi ve Hizmet İstatistikleri”. Ankara, Türkiye, 2011.
41. T.C. Çankaya Belediyesi Başkanlığı Çevre Koruma ve Kontrol Müdürlüğü. “Elektrikli ve Elektronik Atık Yönetim Planı (EEAYP)”. Ankara, Türkiye, 2011.
42. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. “İlçelerin Sosyo Ekonomik Gelişmişlik Düzeyi”. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı, Ankara, Türkiye, 2004.
43. Beasley JE, Chu PC. “A genetic algorithm fort the set covering problem”. European Journal of Operational Research, 94, 392-404, 1996.