Gıdalarda biyojen amin oluşum mekanizmalarına etki eden faktörler ve biyojen aminlerin diğer bileşiklere dönüşümleri

Year 2018, Volume: 24 Issue: 7, 1388 - 1392, 28.12.2018

Sadiye Akan Mustafa Kemal Demirağ

https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2017.90022

Abstract

Biyojen
aminler daha çok proteince zengin ve fermente gıdalarda mikroorganizma
faaliyetleri sonucu oluşan ve sağlık üzerinde önemli etkileri olan bileşikler
olmakla birlikte yüksek konsantrasyonlarda toksik etki gösteren bileşiklerdir.
Bu nedenle mikroorganizma gelişimlerini etkileyen faktörler, biyojen amin
oluşumunu da etkilemektedir. Biyojen aminlerin oluşumunu etkileyen temel
faktörler; şeker konsantrasyonu, pH, sıcaklık, tuz konsantrasyonu, gıdadaki
mikroorganizma türleri, starter kültürler, oksijen ve benzeri faktörler olarak
gösterilmektedir. Biyojen aminler nitrit ve azot oksitler ile reaksiyona
girebilmekte ve kanserojen nitrozaminleri oluşturabildikleri gibi, bir biyojen
amin formundan diğer bir biyojen amin formuna da dönüşebilmektedirler. Ayrıca
bazı poliaminlerin, poliamin oksidaz enzimiyle katabolizması sonucu toksik bir
bileşik olan akrolein de oluşabilmektedir. Bu derlemede; biyojen aminlerin
oluşum mekanizmaları, etkili faktörler ve diğer bileşiklere dönüşümleri
literatür verileri incelenerek ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Biyojen aminler, Putresin, Kadaverin, Histamin, Tiramin, Nitrozaminler

The factors affecting biogenic amines formation in the foods and transformation of biogenic amines to other compounds

Abstract

Biogenic
amines mainly occur by microbial activity in high-protein foods and fermented
foods and have important health effects, but may cause toxicological effects at
high concentrations. For this reason, the factors influencing microbial growth
also affects production of biogenic amines. The factors that affect the
formation of biogenic amines are carbohydrate concentration, pH, temperature,
sodium chloride concentration, types of microorganisms in the foods, starter
cultures, oxygen and so on. While biogenic amines can react with nitrosating
reagents such as nitrite and nitrogen oxides to form carcinogenic nitrosamines,
they are also able to transform from one biogenic amine form to another. In
addition, some polyamines could produce toxic acrolein by their catabolism with
polyamine oxidase. The aim of this paper is to give information about the
occurrence and formation mechanisms of biogenic amines, factors influencing
their formation, and transformation of biogenic amines to other compounds.

Keywords

Biogenic amines, Putrescine, Cadaverine, Histamine, Tyramine, Nitrosamines

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