Young’s modulus estimation techniques for the randomly oriented natural fiber reinforced composites: Finite element analysis and analytical models

Year 2019, Volume: 25 Issue: 4, 454 - 461, 28.08.2019

Mehmet Safa Bodur Mustafa Bakkal

Abstract

In the
study, elastic modulus estimation methods of natural fiber reinforced
composites considered as alternatives to synthetic fiber reinforced composites
have been investigated. Finite element analysis (FEA) and some mathematical
models which are used for synthetic fiber reinforced composites were preferred.
During the study, randomly oriented cotton fiber reinforced composites at
different fiber ratio by volume were investigated and the tensile test results
were found experimentally. Experimental data were compared with data obtained
using finite element method and current analytical models. Particularly in low
fiber reinforced composite samples, the data obtained from the analytical
models approximated between 2-4% of the experimental data. On the other hand,
in the analysis by the finite element method, it is observed that the
difference with the experimental results is opened as the high deformations are
occurred. The most suitable analytical models have been found in the study and
have been proposed for such composites. Moreover, the behavior of composites
can be simulated by finite element methods and closed results (17-23%) are
revealed in this respect.

Keywords

Natural Fibers, Composites, Modelling

Gelişigüzel doğal lif takviyeli kompozitlerin elastiklik modülü tahmin yöntemleri: Sonlu elemanlar analizi ve analitik modeller

Abstract

Çalışmada sentetik lif
takviyeli kompozitlere alternatif olarak düşünülen doğal lif takviyeli
kompozitlerin elastisite modülü tahmin yöntemleri incelenmiştir. Yöntem olarak
sonlu elemanlar analizi ve sentetik lif takviyeli kompozitler için kullanılan
matematiksel modellerin uygunlukları araştırılmıştır. Çalışma boyunca ele
alınan kompozitlerhacimce farklı oranlarda gelişigüzel pamuk lifi takviyeli
olup çekme test sonuçları deneysel olarak bulunmuştur. Deneysel veriler sonlu
elemanlar yöntemi ve mevcut analitik modeller kullanılarak elde edilen veriler
ile kıyaslanmıştır. Özellikle düşük lif takviyeli kompozit numunelerde analitik
modellerden elde edilen veriler deneysel verilere yaklaşık olarak %2-4 arasında
yaklaşmıştır. Diğer yandan sonlu elemanlar yöntemiyle yapılan analizlerde ise
yüksek şekil değiştirme oranlarına doğru gidildikçe deneysel sonuçlarla aradaki
farkın açıldığı gözlenmiştir. Çalışma neticesinde en uygunan alitik modeller
bulunmuş ve bu tarz kompozitler için önerilmiştir. Ayrıca sonlu elemanlar
yöntemiyle kompozitlerin davranışları taklit edilebilmiş ve deneysel değerler
ile yakın (%17-23) sonuçlar ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

Keywords

Doğal lifler, Kompozitler, Modelleme

References

• Whitcomb JD. “Three-dimensional stress analysis of plain weave composites”. Composite Materials: Fatigue and Stresses, 3, 16-39,1990.
• Guedes JM, Kikuchi N. “Preprocessing and post processing for materials based on the homogenization method with adaptive finite element methods”. Computer Method in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 83(2), 143-198, 1990.
• Chapman C, Whitcomb J. “Effect of assumed tow architecture on predicted moduli and stresses in plain weave composites”. Journal of Composite Materials, 29(16), 2134-2159, 1995.
• Ng SP, Tse PC, Lau KJ. “Numerical and experimental determination of in plane elastic properties of 2/2 twill weave fabric composites”. Composites Part B, 29B, 735-744, 1998.
• Dasgupta A, Agarwal RK, Bhandarkar SM. “Three-dimensional modelling of woven-fabric composites for effective thermo mechanical and thermal properties”. Composites Science and Technology, 56, 209-223,1996.
• Karkkainen RL, Sankar BV. “A direct micromechanics method for analysis of failure initiation of plain weave textile composites”. Composite Science and Technology, 66, 137-150, 2006.
• Kim HJ, Swan CC. “Voxel-based meshing and unit-cell analysis of textile composites”. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 56, 977-1006, 2003.
• Lomov SV, Belov EB, Bischoff T. “Carbon composites based on multiaxial multiply stitched preforms. Part I-Geometry of the preform”. Composites Part A, 33, 1171-1183, 2002.
• Takano N, Uetsuji Y,Kashiwagi Y, Zako M. “Hierarchical modelling of textile composite materials and structures by the homogenization method”. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 7, 207-231,1999.
• Lomov SV, Ivanov DS, Verpoest I, Zako M. “Meso-FEModelling of Textile Composites: Road map. data flow and algorithms”. Composites Science and Technology, 67, 1870-1891, 2007.
• Sih GC, Carpinteri A, Surace G. Advanced Technology For Design and Fabrication of Composite Materials and Structures. 1st ed. Dordrecht, Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.
• Cox HL. “The elasticity and strength of paper and other fibrous materials”. British Journal of Applied Physics, 3, 72-79, 1952.
• Halpin JC. “Stiffness and expansion estimates. for oriented short fiber composites”. Journal of Composite Materials, 3, 720-724, 1969.
• Halpin JC, Pagano NJ. “The laminate approximation for randomly oriented fibrous composites”. Journal of Composite Materials, 3, 720-724,1969.
• Nielson LE. Mechanical Properties of Polymer and Composites. 1 ed. New York, USA, Marcel Dekker, 1974.
• Christensen RM, Waals FM. “effective stiffness of randomly oriented fiber composites”. Journal of Composite Materials, 6, 518-532, 1972.
• Lee LH. “Strength-composition relationships of random short glassfiber-thermoplastics composites”. Polymer Engineering and Science, 9, 213-219,1969.
• Manera M. “Elastic properties of randomly oriented short fiberglass composites”. Journal of Composite Materials, 11, 235-247,1977.
• Pan N. “The elastic constants of randomly oriented fiber composite: A new approach to prediction”. Science and Engineering of composite materials, 5, 63-72, 1996.
• Hirsch TJ. “Modulus of elasticity of concrete affected by elastic moduli of cement paste matrix and aggregate”. Journal of American Concrete Institute, 59, 427-451, 1962.
• Brody H, Ward IM. “Modulus of short carbon and glass fiber reinforced composites”. Polymer Engineering Science, 11, 139-151,1971.
• Chou TW, Nomura S. “Fiber orientation effects of the thermoplasticproperties of short fiber composites”. Fibre Scienceand Technology, 14, 279-291,1981.
• Fu SY, Lauke B. “Strength anisotropy of misaligned short-fiberreinforced polymers”. Composite Scienceand Technology, 59, 699-708, 1999.
• Hine PJ, Davidson N, Duckett RA, Ward IM. “Measuring thefiber orientation and modelling the elastic properties of injectionmoulded long-glass-fiberreinforced nylon”. Composite Science and Technology, 53, 125-131, 1995.
• Ji-Zhao L. “Predictions of tensile strength of short inorganic fibrereinforced polymer composites”. Polymer Testing, 30, 749-752,2011.
• Piggott MR. “Short fibre polymer composites: A fracture-based theoryof fibre reinforcement”. Journal of Composite Materials, 28, 588-606,1994.
• Epaarachchi J, Ku H, Gohel K. “Simplified empirical model forprediction of mechanical properties of random short fibre/vinylestercomposites”. Journal of Composite Materials, 44(6), 779-788, 2010.
• Biagiotti J, Fiori S, Torre L, Lopez-Manchado MA, Kenny JM. “Mechanical properties of polypropylene matrix compositesreinforced with natural fibres: A statistical approach”. PolymerComposites, 25(1), 26-36,2004.
• Angelo GF, Mark TK, Ning Y. “Predicting the elastic modulus ofnatural fibre reinforced thermoplastics”. Composites: Part A, 37, 1660-1671, 2006.
• Zeronian SH. “The mechanical properties of cotton fibers”. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 47, 445-461, 1991.
• Mazumdar SK. Composites Manufacturing Materials, Product and Process Engineering. 1st ed. United States, CRC Press, 2002.
• Bakkal M, Bodur MS, Berkalp OB, Yilmaz S. “The effect of reprocessing on the mechanical properties of the waste fabric reinforced composites”. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 212, 2541-2548, 2012.
• Zárate CN, Aranguen MI, Reboredo MM. “Resol-vegetable fibers composites”. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 77, 1832-1840, 2000.
• Halpin JC. “Stiffness and expansion estimates, for oriented short fiber composites”. Journal of Composite Materials, 3, 720-724, 1969.
• Halpin JC, Pagano NJ. “The laminate approximation for randomly oriented fibrous composites”. Journal Compos Mater, 3, 720-724, 1969.
• Nielson LE, Landel RF. Mechanical properties of polymer and composites. 2nd ed. NewYork: Marcel Dekker, 1974.
• Christensen RM, Waals FM. “Effective stiffness of randomly oriented fiber composites”. Journal of Composite Materials, 6, 518-532, 1972.
• Lee LH. “Strength-Composition relationships of random short glassfiber-thermoplastics composites”. Polymer Engineering and Science, 9, 213-219, 1969.
• Tsai SW, Pagano NJ. Composite Materials Workshop. 1 ed. Stamford, USA, Technomic Publishing Co., 1968.
• Manera M. “Elastic properties of randomly oriented short fiber-glass composites”. Journal of Composite Materials, 11, 235-247, 1977.
• Pan N. “The elastic constants of randomly oriented fiber composite: A new approach to prediction”. Science and Engineering of composite materials, 5(962), 63-72, 1996.
• Tucker CL, Liang E. “Stiffness prediction for unidirectional short-fiber composites: Review and evaluation”. Composites Science and Technology, 59, 655-671, 1999.