Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Depresyon ve Stres Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi
Year 2021,
Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 12 - 25, 15.06.2021
Behiye Dilmen Bayar
,
Sevinç Yaşar Can
,
Murat Erten
,
Mahmut Ekmen
Abstract
Amaç: Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde üniversite öğrencilerinin depresyon ve stres düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir.
Materyal ve Metod: İlişkisel tanımlayıcı olarak yapılan çalışma 565 üniversite öğrencisi ile Ağustos-Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında çevrimiçi anket yöntemi kullanılarak yapıldı. Verilerin toplanmasında Tanımlayıcı Özellikler Formu, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği ve Beck Depresyon Ölçeği kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Öğrencilerin % 62.1’i 21 yaş ve üstü, % 68.7’si kadın olduğu, stres düzeyinin orta değerin üstünde, depresyon düzeyinin ise orta düzeye yakın olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca stres ölçeği toplam puanı ile depresyon ölçeği toplam puanı arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu belirlendi. (p<.05)
Sonuç: Covıd-19 pandemi sürecinin üniversite öğrencilerini ruhsal anlamda etkilediği belirlendi. Bu süreçte, öğrencilerin ruhsal sağlığının korunabilmesi için gerekli desteğin sağlanması önem arz etmektedir.
References
- Kang, L., Li,Y., Hu, S., Chen, M., Yang, C., Yang, B.X., et al. (2020).The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatr, 7(3),14).
- Brooks, SK., Webster, RK., Smith, LE., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., Rubin, GJ. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet.14;395(10227):912–920.
- Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan , H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open.3(3):e203976.
- Xie, X., Xue, Q., Zhou, Y., Zhu, K., Liu, Q., Zhang, J., Song R. (2020). Mental health status among children in home confinement during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in Hubei Province, China. JAMA Pediatr. e201619.
- Etxebarria , NO., Santamaria , MD., Gorrochategui , MP., Mondragon , NI. (2020). Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain. Cad Saude Publica.30;36(4):e00054020.
- Nelson, B., Pettitt, A., Flannery, J., Allen, N. (2020). Rapid assessment of psychological and epidemiological correlates of COVID-19 concern, financial strain, and health-related behavior change in a large online sample. Int J Methods in Psychiatr Res.21(3):169–84.
- Center for Collegiate Mental Health. University Park, PA: Penn State University. (2020). 2020 annual report. https://ccmh.psu.edu/assets/docs/2020%20CCMH%20Annual%20Report.pdf
Aslan, I.,Ochnik, D.,Çınar, O. (2020). Exploring Perceived Stress among Students in Turkey during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 17, 8961; doi:10.3390/ijerph17238961.
- Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, S., Zhang, B. (2020). Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry. 7(4):e17–e18. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-8.
- Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, CS., Ho, RC. (2020). Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health.17(5):e. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729.
- Zhai, Y., Du, X. (2020). Addressing collegiate mental health amid COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res. 288:113003. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113003.
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res.287:112934. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934.
- Christensen, LB., Johnson, RB., Turner, LA. (2010). Research methods, design, and analysis (11. bs.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F. ve Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan Stres Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New/Yeni Symposium Journal, 51(3), 132-140.
- Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği. Psikoloji dergisi, 7(23), 3-13.
- Chena, R., Liangb, S., Pengc, Y., Lia X., Chena J., Tanga S., Zhaob, J. (2020). Mental health status and change in living rhythms among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large-scale survey. Journal of Psychosomatic Research.137.110219
- Aylie, NS., Mekonen, MA., Mekuria RM. (2020). The Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic Among University Students in Bench-Sheko Zone, South-west Ethiopia: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 83.142.54.138
- Essadek A., Rabeyron T. (2020). Mental health of French students during the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders.277, 392-393.
- Wathelet M., Duhem S., Vaiva G., Baubet T., Habran E., Veerapa E., Debien C., Molenda S., Horn M., Grandgenèvre P., Notredame CE., D’Hondt F. (2020). Factors Associated With Mental Health Disorders Among University Students in France Confined During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open.3(10),e2025591.
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., Zheng J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 287, 112934.
- Shijia, WF., Qiao Zong, Y., Luxford, DA., Song, X., Lv, Z., Lv, C. (2021). Mental health of college students during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Journal of Affective Disorders. 280, 7-10.
- Kalkan Uğurlu, Y., Mataracı Değirmenci, D., Durgun, H., Gök Uğur, H. (2020). The examination of the relationship between nursing students' depression, anxiety and stress levels and restrictive, emotional, and external eating behaviors in COVID‐19 social isolation process. Perspect Psychiatr Care.1–10.
- Lai, AYK., Lee, L., Wang, MP., Feng, Y., Lai, TTK., Ho, L., Lam,VSF., Sau-man Ip M., Lam, TH. (2020). Mental Health Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on International University Students, Related Stressors, and Coping Strategies. Frontiers in Psychiatry.11, 584240
- Odriozola-González, P., Álvaro Planchuelo-Gómez, A,. Irurtia, MJ,. Luis-García, RD. (2020). Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish University. Psychiatry Research, 290:113108.
- Favale, T,. Soro, F,. Trevisan, M,. Drago, I,. Mellia, M. (2020). Campus traffic and e‐Learning during COVID‐19 pandemic. Computer Networks.176,107290.
- NBC 5 Dallas‐Fort Worth. (2020). College students juggle anxiety, stress, and online classes in coronavirus reality. Erişim:19 Kasım 2020. https://www.nbcdfw. com/news/coronavirus/college‐students‐juggle‐anxiety‐stress‐and‐ online‐classes‐in‐coronavirus‐reality/2338426/.
- Son, C. Hegde, S. Smith, A., Wang, X., Sasangohar, F. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on College Students’ Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study. J. Med. Internet Res. 22, e21279
- Husky, M.M., Kovess-Masfety, V., Swendsen, J.D. (2020). Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid-19 mandatory confinement. Compr. Psychiatry.102, 152191.
- Alateeq, D., Aljhani, S., Althiyabi, I., Majzoub, S. (2020). Mental health among healthcare providers during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Saudi Arabia. J. Infect. Public Health. 13, 1432–1437.
- Rogowska, A.M., Ku´snierz, C., Bokszczanin, A. (2020). Examining Anxiety, Life Satisfaction, General Health, Stress and Coping Styles During COVID-19 Pandemic in Polish Sample of University Students. Psychol. Res. Behav. Manag.13, 797–811.
- Elmer, T., Mepham, K., Stadtfeld, C. (2020). Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students’ social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland. PLoS ONE. 15, e0236337.
- Fawaz, M,. Samaha, A. (2020). E‐learning: Depression, anxiety, and stress symptomatology among Lebanese university students during COVID‐19 quarantine. Nursing Forum.1–6.
- Fu, W., Yan, S., Zong, Q., Anderson-Luxford, D., Song, X., Lv, Z., Lv C. (2021). Mental health of college students during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Journal of Affective Disorders.280, 7-10
Determination of Depression and Stress Levels of University Students in the Covid-19 Pandemic Process
Year 2021,
Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 12 - 25, 15.06.2021
Behiye Dilmen Bayar
,
Sevinç Yaşar Can
,
Murat Erten
,
Mahmut Ekmen
Abstract
Aim: To determine the relationship between stress and depression levels of university students during covid-19 pandemic.
Material and method: The study made as relational descriptor conducted with 565 university students between August and December 2020 using online survey method. Descriptor Features Form, Perceived stress Measure and Beck Depression Measure have been used in collecting data.
Results: It is determined that %62.1 of students are 21 years old and above, %68.7 are female, their stress level is above medium level and their depression level is close to medium level. It is also determined that there is a positive relationship between total score of stress scale and total score of depression scale ( p<.05).
Conclusion: It is determined that Covid-19 pandemic has affected university students in psychological way. In this period, it is important to provide necessary support to protect studentś mental health.
References
- Kang, L., Li,Y., Hu, S., Chen, M., Yang, C., Yang, B.X., et al. (2020).The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatr, 7(3),14).
- Brooks, SK., Webster, RK., Smith, LE., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., Rubin, GJ. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet.14;395(10227):912–920.
- Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan , H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open.3(3):e203976.
- Xie, X., Xue, Q., Zhou, Y., Zhu, K., Liu, Q., Zhang, J., Song R. (2020). Mental health status among children in home confinement during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in Hubei Province, China. JAMA Pediatr. e201619.
- Etxebarria , NO., Santamaria , MD., Gorrochategui , MP., Mondragon , NI. (2020). Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain. Cad Saude Publica.30;36(4):e00054020.
- Nelson, B., Pettitt, A., Flannery, J., Allen, N. (2020). Rapid assessment of psychological and epidemiological correlates of COVID-19 concern, financial strain, and health-related behavior change in a large online sample. Int J Methods in Psychiatr Res.21(3):169–84.
- Center for Collegiate Mental Health. University Park, PA: Penn State University. (2020). 2020 annual report. https://ccmh.psu.edu/assets/docs/2020%20CCMH%20Annual%20Report.pdf
Aslan, I.,Ochnik, D.,Çınar, O. (2020). Exploring Perceived Stress among Students in Turkey during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 17, 8961; doi:10.3390/ijerph17238961.
- Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, S., Zhang, B. (2020). Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry. 7(4):e17–e18. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-8.
- Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, CS., Ho, RC. (2020). Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health.17(5):e. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729.
- Zhai, Y., Du, X. (2020). Addressing collegiate mental health amid COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res. 288:113003. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113003.
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res.287:112934. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934.
- Christensen, LB., Johnson, RB., Turner, LA. (2010). Research methods, design, and analysis (11. bs.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F. ve Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan Stres Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New/Yeni Symposium Journal, 51(3), 132-140.
- Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği. Psikoloji dergisi, 7(23), 3-13.
- Chena, R., Liangb, S., Pengc, Y., Lia X., Chena J., Tanga S., Zhaob, J. (2020). Mental health status and change in living rhythms among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large-scale survey. Journal of Psychosomatic Research.137.110219
- Aylie, NS., Mekonen, MA., Mekuria RM. (2020). The Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic Among University Students in Bench-Sheko Zone, South-west Ethiopia: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 83.142.54.138
- Essadek A., Rabeyron T. (2020). Mental health of French students during the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders.277, 392-393.
- Wathelet M., Duhem S., Vaiva G., Baubet T., Habran E., Veerapa E., Debien C., Molenda S., Horn M., Grandgenèvre P., Notredame CE., D’Hondt F. (2020). Factors Associated With Mental Health Disorders Among University Students in France Confined During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open.3(10),e2025591.
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., Zheng J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 287, 112934.
- Shijia, WF., Qiao Zong, Y., Luxford, DA., Song, X., Lv, Z., Lv, C. (2021). Mental health of college students during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Journal of Affective Disorders. 280, 7-10.
- Kalkan Uğurlu, Y., Mataracı Değirmenci, D., Durgun, H., Gök Uğur, H. (2020). The examination of the relationship between nursing students' depression, anxiety and stress levels and restrictive, emotional, and external eating behaviors in COVID‐19 social isolation process. Perspect Psychiatr Care.1–10.
- Lai, AYK., Lee, L., Wang, MP., Feng, Y., Lai, TTK., Ho, L., Lam,VSF., Sau-man Ip M., Lam, TH. (2020). Mental Health Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on International University Students, Related Stressors, and Coping Strategies. Frontiers in Psychiatry.11, 584240
- Odriozola-González, P., Álvaro Planchuelo-Gómez, A,. Irurtia, MJ,. Luis-García, RD. (2020). Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish University. Psychiatry Research, 290:113108.
- Favale, T,. Soro, F,. Trevisan, M,. Drago, I,. Mellia, M. (2020). Campus traffic and e‐Learning during COVID‐19 pandemic. Computer Networks.176,107290.
- NBC 5 Dallas‐Fort Worth. (2020). College students juggle anxiety, stress, and online classes in coronavirus reality. Erişim:19 Kasım 2020. https://www.nbcdfw. com/news/coronavirus/college‐students‐juggle‐anxiety‐stress‐and‐ online‐classes‐in‐coronavirus‐reality/2338426/.
- Son, C. Hegde, S. Smith, A., Wang, X., Sasangohar, F. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on College Students’ Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study. J. Med. Internet Res. 22, e21279
- Husky, M.M., Kovess-Masfety, V., Swendsen, J.D. (2020). Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid-19 mandatory confinement. Compr. Psychiatry.102, 152191.
- Alateeq, D., Aljhani, S., Althiyabi, I., Majzoub, S. (2020). Mental health among healthcare providers during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Saudi Arabia. J. Infect. Public Health. 13, 1432–1437.
- Rogowska, A.M., Ku´snierz, C., Bokszczanin, A. (2020). Examining Anxiety, Life Satisfaction, General Health, Stress and Coping Styles During COVID-19 Pandemic in Polish Sample of University Students. Psychol. Res. Behav. Manag.13, 797–811.
- Elmer, T., Mepham, K., Stadtfeld, C. (2020). Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students’ social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland. PLoS ONE. 15, e0236337.
- Fawaz, M,. Samaha, A. (2020). E‐learning: Depression, anxiety, and stress symptomatology among Lebanese university students during COVID‐19 quarantine. Nursing Forum.1–6.
- Fu, W., Yan, S., Zong, Q., Anderson-Luxford, D., Song, X., Lv, Z., Lv C. (2021). Mental health of college students during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Journal of Affective Disorders.280, 7-10