Ailelerin Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarıyla Gerçekleştirdikleri Öğretimsel Uyarlamalarına İlişkin Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma

Year 2021, , 464 - 491, 27.04.2021

Esra Orum Çattık , Ahmet Yetkin , Veysel Aksoy

https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.833843

Cited By: 1

Abstract

OSB’li çocuğa sahip aileler kendilerine sistematik öğretim süreçleri sunulduğunda çocuklarına birçok beceri ve davranışı kazandırmada olumlu çıktılar elde etmektedirler. Bununla birlikte elde edilen bu öğrenme çıktıları ailelere sistematik eğitimler verildiğinde ve etkili uygulamaları yüksek uygulama güvenirliğiyle OSB’li çocuklarına uyguladıklarında mümkün olmaktadır. Çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı her aile etkili uygulamaları öğrenebilme fırsatına sahip olamamaktadır. Bu araştırmada OSB olan bireylerin eğitimine yönelik herhangi bir sistematik uygulama sürecine katılmamış OSB’li çocuk ailelerinin evde çocuklarıyla gerçekleştirdikleri öğretimsel uygulamalara ilişkin görüş ve deneyimlerine ilişkin derinlemesine bilgi toplamak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya bireysel veya grup eğitimi alan yaşları 0-6 yaş arasında değişen OSB tanısı almış 10 çocuk, bu çocukların aileleri ve öğretmenleri katılmıştır. Araştırmada ailelerle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılarak derinlemesine bilgi toplanmıştır. Ayrıca öğretmenlerden bilgi formları aracılığıyla OSB olan çocuklar ve gerçekleştirilen uygulamalar hakkında veri toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları ailelerin etkili uygulamaları kendi çabalarıyla ve eğitsel uygulamaları gözleyerek evde çocuklarıyla çalışırken kullanabildiklerini, belirli düzeyde araç-gereç ve ortam uyarlaması yapabildiklerini göstermiştir. Buna ek olarak evdeki öğretim deneyimlerinin hem ailelere hem de OSB olan çocuklara pek çok olumlu katkılarının olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak bulgular ailelerin bu uygulamaları yüksek uygulama güvenirliğiyle kullanabilmek için hala desteğe gereksinim duyduklarını ortaya koymuştur. Buna ek olarak özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin ailelerin çocuklarının eğitimlerini evde sürdürebilmelerinde önemli kaynaklar olduğu görülmektedir.

Keywords

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu, Aile Katılımı, Erken Çocuklukta Özel Eğitim, Bilimsel Dayanaklı Uygulamalar, Etkili Uygulamalar

A Phenomenological Study on the Instructional Practices of Families with Their Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Abstract

When parents of children with ASD are offered systematic instruction processes, achieve positive results. However, these positive result are possible when families are provided systematic instruction and they implement these methods with their children with high reliability. For various reasons, parents don’t have the opportunity to learn evidence-based practices. The present study aims to collect in-depth data on the instructional practices of parents of children with ASD who previously did not participate in any systematic intervention for the education of individuals with ASD. Ten children diagnosed with ASD between the ages of 0-6, their parents and teachers participated in the study. In the study, data were collected with semi-structured interviews conducted with the parents. Furthermore, information was obtained from teachers about children with ASD and the practices implemented by using information forms. Results indicate that parents can use effective practices while working with their children at home, and they can adapt a certain level of materials and environment by observing educational practices and their own efforts; however, they still need support to implement these interventions with high reliability. Furthermore, it was revealed that teachers were important resources for the parents to continue their children's education at home.

Keywords

Autism spectrum disorder, parent participation, early special education services, evidence-based practices, effective interventions

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