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Mental Health of Grade 12 Students amid COVID-19: A Mixed Method Study

Year 2022, Issue: 56, 175 - 197, 01.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1020900

Abstract

COVID-19 salgını, küresel olarak ülkeleri tam bir sokağa çıkma yasağına zorladı. Rutin yaşam tarzındaki bu olağandışı bozulma, dünya çapında bir endişe ve korku duygusu yarattı. Sınavlar, giriş sınavları, okullara ve kolejlere kabuller ertelendi ve çevrimiçi eğitim moduna geçtiler. Bu hakim belirsizlik, 12. Sınıf öğrencilerinin ruh sağlığının bozulmasına neden oldu. Mevcut ruh sağlıklarını yaşadıkları deneyimlerden anlamak, daha iyi yönetime, yetkililerin kararlarına ve akıl sağlığı bakımına yol açabilir. Bu çalışma, 12. sınıf öğrencilerinin ruh sağlığını COVID-19 salgını sırasında yaşadıkları deneyimlerden analiz etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Çalışmada karma yöntem araştırma tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Nicel kısım, Bangalore şehrinde 12. sınıflarına devam eden 300 öğrenciye bir anket uygulanmasını içeriyordu. Niteliksel kısım, sekiz öğrenciyle yarı yapılandırılmış bir görüşmeyi içerdi ve görüşme verilerini yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik analiz (IPA) kullanarak analiz etti. Çalışma, katılımcılar tarafından deneyimlenen yüksek derecede zihinsel stresi ortaya çıkardı. Kızların erkeklerden daha yüksek zihinsel stresi vardı. Çalışma, ana temalar ve alt temalarda katılımcının COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında yaşadığı deneyimleri anlattı. Bulunan ana temalar, ruh sağlığını etkileyen faktörler, olumlu yaşanmış deneyimler ve krizle başa çıkma mekanizmalarıdır.

References

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  • 10. Hakulinen, C., Pulkki-Råback, L., Virtanen, M., Jokela, M., Kivimäki, M., & Elovainio, M. (2018). Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for myocardial infarction, stroke and mortality: UK Biobank cohort study of 479 054 men and women. Heart, 104(18), 1536–1542. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312663
  • 11. Jacobson, N. C., Lekkas, D., Price, G., Heinz, M. V, Song, M., O’Malley, A. J., & Barr, P. J. (2020). Flattening the Mental Health Curve: COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders Are Associated With Alterations in Mental Health Search Behavior in the United States. JMIR Mental Health, 7(6), e19347. https://doi.org/10.2196/19347
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  • 13. Kaur, S., & Sonali, S. (2020). India fights COVID-19. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(6), 579–581. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000615
  • 14. Kumar, A., & Nayar, K. R. (2020). COVID 19 and its mental health consequences. Journal of Mental Health, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1757052
  • 15. Lee, J. (2020). Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(6), 421. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30109-7
  • 16. Martin, J. M. (2010). Stigma and student mental health in higher education. Higher Education Research & Development, 29(3), 259–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360903470969
  • 17. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. (2020). Minister), S. K. (Education. (2020, March). Karnataka: SSLC, II PU exams postponed; fresh dates in April .. Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/karnataka
  • 18. Morgan, G. a, Leech, N. L., Gloeckner, G. W., & Barrett, K. C. (2004). SPSS for Introductory Statistics: Use and Interpretation. SPSS for Introductory Statistics.
  • 19. Mowbray, H. (2020). In Beijing, coronavirus 2019-nCoV has created a siege mentality. BMJ, m516. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m516
  • 20. Namey, N. M. C. W. K. M. M. G. G. • E. (2005). Qualitative Research Methods, a data collector’s field guide.
  • 21. Nehls, K., Smith, B. D., & Schneider, H. A. (2015). Video-Conferencing Interviews in Qualitative Research (pp. 140–157). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6493-7.ch006
  • 22. Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, M., & Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78, 185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
  • 23. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. (2003). In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage Publications, Inc. Rammohan, A., & Rela, M. (2020). COVID-19: Could India still escape? Journal of Global Health, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010372
  • 24. Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N., Verma, S. K., & Kaushal, V. (2020). Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083
  • 25. Sardar, T., Nadim, S. S., Rana, S., & Chattopadhyay, J. (2020). Assessment of lockdown effect in some states and overall India: A predictive mathematical study on COVID-19 outbreak. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 139, 110078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110078
  • 26. Sheldon Cohen, T. K. and R. M. (1983). A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior , Vol . 24 , No . 4 ( Dec ., 1983 ), pp . 385-396 Published by : American Sociological Association Stable. 24(4), 385–396.
  • 27. Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2015). Interpretative phenomenological analysis as a useful methodology for research on the lived experience of pain. British Journal of Pain, 9(1), 41–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049463714541642
  • 28. Spina, S., Marrazzo, F., Migliari, M., Stucchi, R., Sforza, A., & Fumagalli, R. (2020). The response of Milan’s Emergency Medical System to the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. The Lancet, 395(10227), e49–e50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30493-1
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  • 31. Wakefield, J. R. H., Bowe, M., Kellezi, B., Butcher, A., & Groeger, J. A. (2020). Longitudinal associations between family identification, loneliness, depression, and sleep quality. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12391
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  • 35. Žiaková, K., Čáp, J., Miertová, M., Gurková, E., & Kurucová, R. (2020). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of dignity in people with multiple sclerosis. Nursing Ethics, 27(3), 686–700. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733019897766
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Mental Health of Grade 12 Students amid COVID-19: A Mixed Method Study

Year 2022, Issue: 56, 175 - 197, 01.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1020900

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic compelled countries globally to a complete lockdown. This unusual disruption to routine lifestyle has created a sense of anxiety and fear across the globe. Examinations, entrance tests, admissions to schools and colleges were postponed, and they switched to the online mode of instruction. This prevailing uncertainty led to the deteriorated mental health of Grade 12th students. Understanding their current mental health from their lived experiences can lead to better management, decisions from the authorities, and mental health care. The present study aimed to analyze the mental health of 12th-grade students’ from their lived experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed a mixed-method research design. The quantitative part involved the administration of a questionnaire to 300 students pursuing their 12th grade in Bangalore city. The qualitative part involved a semi-structured interview of eight students and analyzed interview data using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The study revealed a high degree of mental stress experienced by the participants. Girls’ had higher mental stress than boys did. The study described the participant’s lived experiences amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in main themes and sub-themes. The main themes found are factors affecting mental health, positive lived experiences, and mechanisms to cope with the crisis.

References

  • 1. Acharya, L., Jin, L., & Collins, W. (2018). College life is stressful today – Emerging stressors and depressive symptoms in college students. Journal of American College Health, 66(7), 655–664. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1451869
  • 2. Andrews, M., Areekal, B., Rajesh, K., Krishnan, J., Suryakala, R., Krishnan, B., Muraly, C., & Santhosh, P. (2020). First confirmed case of COVID-19 infection in India: A case report. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 151(5), 490. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2131_20
  • 3. Arnett, J. J. (1999). Adolescent storm and stress, reconsidered. The American Psychologist, 54(5), 317–326. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.54.5.317 Barkur, G., Vibha, & Kamath, G. B. (2020). Sentiment analysis of nationwide lockdown due to COVID 19 outbreak: Evidence from India. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102089
  • 4. Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
  • 5. Bruining, H., Bartels, M., Polderman, T. J. C., & Popma, A. (2020). COVID-19 and child and adolescent psychiatry: an unexpected blessing for part of our population? European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01578-5
  • 6. Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2010). Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study. Psychology and Aging, 25(2), 453–463. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017216
  • 7. Chahrour, M., Assi, S., Bejjani, M., Nasrallah, A. A., Salhab, H., Fares, M. Y., & Khachfe, H. H. (2020). A Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 Research Activity: A Call for Increased Output. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7357 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 51. (2020).
  • 8. Fegert, J. M., Vitiello, B., Plener, P. L., & Clemens, V. (2020). Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 14(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-020-00329-3
  • 9. Galea, S., Merchant, R. M., & Lurie, N. (2020). The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180(6), 817. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1562
  • 10. Hakulinen, C., Pulkki-Råback, L., Virtanen, M., Jokela, M., Kivimäki, M., & Elovainio, M. (2018). Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for myocardial infarction, stroke and mortality: UK Biobank cohort study of 479 054 men and women. Heart, 104(18), 1536–1542. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312663
  • 11. Jacobson, N. C., Lekkas, D., Price, G., Heinz, M. V, Song, M., O’Malley, A. J., & Barr, P. J. (2020). Flattening the Mental Health Curve: COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders Are Associated With Alterations in Mental Health Search Behavior in the United States. JMIR Mental Health, 7(6), e19347. https://doi.org/10.2196/19347
  • 12. Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020). Behavioral and Emotional Disorders in Children during the COVID-19 Epidemic. The Journal of Pediatrics, 221, 264-266.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013
  • 13. Kaur, S., & Sonali, S. (2020). India fights COVID-19. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(6), 579–581. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000615
  • 14. Kumar, A., & Nayar, K. R. (2020). COVID 19 and its mental health consequences. Journal of Mental Health, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1757052
  • 15. Lee, J. (2020). Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(6), 421. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30109-7
  • 16. Martin, J. M. (2010). Stigma and student mental health in higher education. Higher Education Research & Development, 29(3), 259–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360903470969
  • 17. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. (2020). Minister), S. K. (Education. (2020, March). Karnataka: SSLC, II PU exams postponed; fresh dates in April .. Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/karnataka
  • 18. Morgan, G. a, Leech, N. L., Gloeckner, G. W., & Barrett, K. C. (2004). SPSS for Introductory Statistics: Use and Interpretation. SPSS for Introductory Statistics.
  • 19. Mowbray, H. (2020). In Beijing, coronavirus 2019-nCoV has created a siege mentality. BMJ, m516. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m516
  • 20. Namey, N. M. C. W. K. M. M. G. G. • E. (2005). Qualitative Research Methods, a data collector’s field guide.
  • 21. Nehls, K., Smith, B. D., & Schneider, H. A. (2015). Video-Conferencing Interviews in Qualitative Research (pp. 140–157). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6493-7.ch006
  • 22. Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, M., & Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78, 185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
  • 23. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. (2003). In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage Publications, Inc. Rammohan, A., & Rela, M. (2020). COVID-19: Could India still escape? Journal of Global Health, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010372
  • 24. Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N., Verma, S. K., & Kaushal, V. (2020). Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083
  • 25. Sardar, T., Nadim, S. S., Rana, S., & Chattopadhyay, J. (2020). Assessment of lockdown effect in some states and overall India: A predictive mathematical study on COVID-19 outbreak. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 139, 110078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110078
  • 26. Sheldon Cohen, T. K. and R. M. (1983). A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior , Vol . 24 , No . 4 ( Dec ., 1983 ), pp . 385-396 Published by : American Sociological Association Stable. 24(4), 385–396.
  • 27. Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2015). Interpretative phenomenological analysis as a useful methodology for research on the lived experience of pain. British Journal of Pain, 9(1), 41–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049463714541642
  • 28. Spina, S., Marrazzo, F., Migliari, M., Stucchi, R., Sforza, A., & Fumagalli, R. (2020). The response of Milan’s Emergency Medical System to the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. The Lancet, 395(10227), e49–e50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30493-1
  • 29. The Lancet. (2020). India under COVID-19 lockdown. The Lancet, 395(10233), 1315. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30938-7
  • 30. Todd, D., Simpson, J., & Murray, C. (2010). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of delusions in people with Parkinson’s disease. Disability and Rehabilitation, 32(15), 1291–1299. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638280903514705
  • 31. Wakefield, J. R. H., Bowe, M., Kellezi, B., Butcher, A., & Groeger, J. A. (2020). Longitudinal associations between family identification, loneliness, depression, and sleep quality. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12391
  • 32. Wengraf, T. (2001). Qualitative research interviewing: Biographic narrative and semi-structured methods. SAGE.
  • 33. Xiang, Y.-T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8
  • 34. Zhou, J., Liu, L., Xue, P., Yang, X., & Tang, X. (2020). Mental Health Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in China. American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(7), 574–575. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20030304
  • 35. Žiaková, K., Čáp, J., Miertová, M., Gurková, E., & Kurucová, R. (2020). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of dignity in people with multiple sclerosis. Nursing Ethics, 27(3), 686–700. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733019897766
  • 36. Zuckerman, D. M. (1989). Stress, self-esteem, and mental health: How does gender make a difference? Sex Roles, 20(7–8), 429–444. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00288001
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

G Prakasha 0000-0002-1287-7606

Anthony Kenneth 0000-0001-7798-2389

Publication Date September 1, 2022
Submission Date November 8, 2021
Acceptance Date March 23, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 56

Cite

APA Prakasha, G., & Kenneth, A. (2022). Mental Health of Grade 12 Students amid COVID-19: A Mixed Method Study. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(56), 175-197. https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1020900