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VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Year 2022, , 395 - 407, 09.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1116878

Abstract

The ability to demonstrate the validity and reliability of research findings is one of the important factors that determine the value of scientific research. Validity and reliability or trustworthiness are fundamental issues in scientific research whether qualitative, quantitative, or mixed research. It is a necessity for researchers to describe which criteria they have taken into consideration for the findings obtained during the validity and reliability of the research process. Even though currently, the validity and reliability of qualitative research findings are still controversial in some academic environments, particularly among positivists, qualitative research has lately gained momentum among researchers. Conceptual complexity in literature and unclear statements are misleading to the researchers who are interested in qualitative research, particularly those are new and yet learning qualitative research. Based on this viewpoint, the current study is aimed to present the specific information on validity and reliability in qualitative research, from an analytical perspective. In this context, the concepts of internal validity and external validity, internal consistency reliability, and external reliability used in quantitative research that are equivalents to credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability concepts in qualitative research are scrutinized. In addition, techniques to provide each criterion that researchers can use are also detailed.

References

  • Arslan, E. (2021). Turistik Tüketimin Kimlik İnşasındaki Rolü. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir, Türkiye.
  • Blaikie, N. (1993). Approaches to social enquiry: Advancing knowledge. USA, Polit Press.
  • Braun, V., ve Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. Sage.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2016). 30 essential skills for the qualitative researcher. Sage.
  • Czernek-Marszałek, K., & McCabe, S. (2022). Why qualitative papers get rejected by Annals of Tourism Research?. Annals of Tourism Research, 92(103438), 1-3.
  • Denzin, N. K. ve Lincoln, Y. S. (2018). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Sage.
  • Denzin, N. K. ve Linconln, Y.S. (2008). Introduction: Entering the Field of Qualitative Research, (Editörler: Denzin, N. K.; Lincoln, Y. S), İçinde The landscape of qualitative research: Theories and Issues, ss.1-34. Sage.
  • Erlandson, D. A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L., ve Allen, S. D. (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry: A guide to methods. SAGE Publications.
  • Franklin, C., Cody, P. A. ve Ballan, M. (2010). Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research (Editör: Thyer, B. A.), İçinde, The handbook of social work research methods, ss.273-292. SAGE Publications.
  • Gibson, W., ve Brown, A. (2009). Working with qualitative data. Sage.
  • Goodman, S. (2008). The generalizability of discursive research. Qualitative research in psychology, 5(4), 265-275.
  • Guba, E. G. (1981). Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries. Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 29(2), 75-91.
  • Guest, G., MacQueen, K. M., ve Namey, E. E. (2012). Applied thematic analysis. Sage.
  • Janesick, V. J. (2014). Oral history interviewing: Issues and possibilities. (Editör: Leavy, P.), İçinde, The Oxford handbook of qualitative research, ss. 300-314. Oxford University Press.
  • Kirk, J., ve Miller, M. L. (1986). Reliability and validity in qualitative research. Sage.
  • LeCompte, M. D., ve Goetz, J. P. (1982). Problems of reliability and validity in ethnographic research. Review of educational research, 52(1), 31-60.
  • Lincoln, Y. ve Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry: Establishing Trustworthiness, Beverly Hills.
  • Matteson, S. M. (2021). Chex MixTM Data Analysis Activity. College Teaching, 69(3), 121-125.
  • Maxwell, J. A. (2012). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. Sage
  • Miles, B. W., ve Jozefowicz-Simbeni, D. M. H. (2010). Naturalistic inquiry, (Editör: Thyer, B. A.), İçinde, The handbook of social work research methods, ss.722-745. Sage.
  • Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., ve Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. (3. Baskı). Sage.
  • Morse, J. M. (2018). Reframing rigor in qualitative inquiry. In Denzin, N., Lincoln, Y. (Eds.), SAGE handbook of qualitative inquiry (5th ed.). Sage.
  • Phillips, B.D. (2014). Qualitative research disaster, (Editör: Leavy, P.), İçinde, The Oxford handbook of qualitative research, ss. 533-556. Oxford University Press.
  • Ravitch, S. M., ve Carl, N. M. (2019). Qualitative research: Bridging the conceptual, theoretical, and methodological. Sage Publications.
  • Roller, M. R., ve Lavrakas, P. J. (2015). Applied qualitative research design: A total quality framework approach. Guilford Publications.
  • Schwandt, T. A. (2015). The SAGE dictionary of qualitative inquiry. (4. Baskı). SAGE publications.
  • Sharan, B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Wiley & Sons.
  • Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for information, 22(2), 63-75.
  • Silverman, D. (2013). Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook. (4. Baskı). Sage.
  • Straus, A., ve Corbin, J. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. (4. Baskı). SAGE Publications.
  • Yardley, L. (2008). Demonstrating validity in qualitative psychology. (Editör: Smith, J. A.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. ss.235–251. Sage.
  • Yin, R. K. (2011). Qualitative research from start to finish. The Guilford Press.

NİTEL ARAŞTIRMALARDA GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK

Year 2022, , 395 - 407, 09.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1116878

Abstract

Bilimsel araştırmaların değerini belirleyen unsurlardan biri araştırma bulgularının geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğinin ortaya koyulabilmesi yeteneğine bağlıdır. Nitel, nicel veya karma araştırmalarda olması fark etmeksizin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğin veya güven duyulabilirliğin sağlanması temel bir sorun olmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarının hangi bilimsel temellerle elde edildiğinin kanıtlandığı bu süreçte, araştırmacıların elde ettikleri sonuçları hangi ölçütleri dikkate alarak sağladığını açıklaması bir zorunluluktur. Günümüzde bazı akademik çevrelerce bilimselliği hâlâ tartışıldığı hâlde, son yıllarda araştırmacıların artan bir biçimde ilgi göstermeye de devam ettiği nitel araştırmalarda geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik konusu ile ilgili soru işaretleri hâlâ devam etmektedir. Literatürde yer alan kavram karışıklıkları ve yeterince net olmayan ifadeler ise başta nitel araştırmaları henüz öğrenmeye başlayanlar olmak üzere nitel araştırmalar ile ilgilenen araştırmacılar için yanıltıcı olmaktadır. Bu düşünceden hareketle mevcut araştırmada, nitel araştırmalarda araştırmacıların geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik konusuyla ilgili faydalanabileceği bilgilerin analitik bir bakış açısıyla sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda araştırmada, nicel araştırmalarda kullanılan iç geçerlilik ve dış geçerlilik ile iç tutarlılık güvenilirliği ve dış güvenilirlik kavramlarının nitel araştırmalardaki karşılığı olan inandırıcılık, aktarılabilirlik, tutarlılık ve doğrulanabilirlik kavramları açıklanmıştır. Buna ek olarak araştırmacıların kullanabilecekleri her bir ölçüte yönelik teknikler verilmiştir.

References

  • Arslan, E. (2021). Turistik Tüketimin Kimlik İnşasındaki Rolü. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir, Türkiye.
  • Blaikie, N. (1993). Approaches to social enquiry: Advancing knowledge. USA, Polit Press.
  • Braun, V., ve Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. Sage.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2016). 30 essential skills for the qualitative researcher. Sage.
  • Czernek-Marszałek, K., & McCabe, S. (2022). Why qualitative papers get rejected by Annals of Tourism Research?. Annals of Tourism Research, 92(103438), 1-3.
  • Denzin, N. K. ve Lincoln, Y. S. (2018). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Sage.
  • Denzin, N. K. ve Linconln, Y.S. (2008). Introduction: Entering the Field of Qualitative Research, (Editörler: Denzin, N. K.; Lincoln, Y. S), İçinde The landscape of qualitative research: Theories and Issues, ss.1-34. Sage.
  • Erlandson, D. A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L., ve Allen, S. D. (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry: A guide to methods. SAGE Publications.
  • Franklin, C., Cody, P. A. ve Ballan, M. (2010). Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research (Editör: Thyer, B. A.), İçinde, The handbook of social work research methods, ss.273-292. SAGE Publications.
  • Gibson, W., ve Brown, A. (2009). Working with qualitative data. Sage.
  • Goodman, S. (2008). The generalizability of discursive research. Qualitative research in psychology, 5(4), 265-275.
  • Guba, E. G. (1981). Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries. Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 29(2), 75-91.
  • Guest, G., MacQueen, K. M., ve Namey, E. E. (2012). Applied thematic analysis. Sage.
  • Janesick, V. J. (2014). Oral history interviewing: Issues and possibilities. (Editör: Leavy, P.), İçinde, The Oxford handbook of qualitative research, ss. 300-314. Oxford University Press.
  • Kirk, J., ve Miller, M. L. (1986). Reliability and validity in qualitative research. Sage.
  • LeCompte, M. D., ve Goetz, J. P. (1982). Problems of reliability and validity in ethnographic research. Review of educational research, 52(1), 31-60.
  • Lincoln, Y. ve Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry: Establishing Trustworthiness, Beverly Hills.
  • Matteson, S. M. (2021). Chex MixTM Data Analysis Activity. College Teaching, 69(3), 121-125.
  • Maxwell, J. A. (2012). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. Sage
  • Miles, B. W., ve Jozefowicz-Simbeni, D. M. H. (2010). Naturalistic inquiry, (Editör: Thyer, B. A.), İçinde, The handbook of social work research methods, ss.722-745. Sage.
  • Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., ve Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. (3. Baskı). Sage.
  • Morse, J. M. (2018). Reframing rigor in qualitative inquiry. In Denzin, N., Lincoln, Y. (Eds.), SAGE handbook of qualitative inquiry (5th ed.). Sage.
  • Phillips, B.D. (2014). Qualitative research disaster, (Editör: Leavy, P.), İçinde, The Oxford handbook of qualitative research, ss. 533-556. Oxford University Press.
  • Ravitch, S. M., ve Carl, N. M. (2019). Qualitative research: Bridging the conceptual, theoretical, and methodological. Sage Publications.
  • Roller, M. R., ve Lavrakas, P. J. (2015). Applied qualitative research design: A total quality framework approach. Guilford Publications.
  • Schwandt, T. A. (2015). The SAGE dictionary of qualitative inquiry. (4. Baskı). SAGE publications.
  • Sharan, B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Wiley & Sons.
  • Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for information, 22(2), 63-75.
  • Silverman, D. (2013). Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook. (4. Baskı). Sage.
  • Straus, A., ve Corbin, J. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. (4. Baskı). SAGE Publications.
  • Yardley, L. (2008). Demonstrating validity in qualitative psychology. (Editör: Smith, J. A.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. ss.235–251. Sage.
  • Yin, R. K. (2011). Qualitative research from start to finish. The Guilford Press.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erdal Arslan 0000-0002-5791-2073

Publication Date August 9, 2022
Acceptance Date June 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Arslan, E. (2022). NİTEL ARAŞTIRMALARDA GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(51), 395-407. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1116878
AMA Arslan E. NİTEL ARAŞTIRMALARDA GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK. PAUSBED. August 2022;(51):395-407. doi:10.30794/pausbed.1116878
Chicago Arslan, Erdal. “NİTEL ARAŞTIRMALARDA GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 51 (August 2022): 395-407. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1116878.
EndNote Arslan E (August 1, 2022) NİTEL ARAŞTIRMALARDA GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 51 395–407.
IEEE E. Arslan, “NİTEL ARAŞTIRMALARDA GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK”, PAUSBED, no. 51, pp. 395–407, August 2022, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.1116878.
ISNAD Arslan, Erdal. “NİTEL ARAŞTIRMALARDA GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 51 (August 2022), 395-407. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1116878.
JAMA Arslan E. NİTEL ARAŞTIRMALARDA GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK. PAUSBED. 2022;:395–407.
MLA Arslan, Erdal. “NİTEL ARAŞTIRMALARDA GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 51, 2022, pp. 395-07, doi:10.30794/pausbed.1116878.
Vancouver Arslan E. NİTEL ARAŞTIRMALARDA GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK. PAUSBED. 2022(51):395-407.

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