FORMATION OF THE INTELLIGENCE BUREAU OF JAPANESE GENERAL STAFF

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to reveal how the Japanese General Staff established the "Bureau of Intelligence Gathering" from Meiji Era to the First World War and how its bureaucratic reforms had been implemented. Furthermore, the intelligence network established by the Japanese General Staff will be examined. In chapter I., the structure of intelligence bureau which existed before the establishment of the Japanese General Staff (Sanbōhonbu), under the Ministry of Army (Heibushō) will be examined. Also, the capacity and the function of the intelligence bureau will be introduced. In chapter II., establishment of the Japanese General Staff, remodeled with Prussian style will be examined. By exploring the regulation changes of the intelligence gathering system, it will be revealed that how the Japanese General Staff expanded its intelligence network. Finally, in chapter III., the systemic reforms of the intelligence network created by military attachés and observers in Europe and America will be revealed chronologically. Furthermore, the intelligence targets and their purposes modified according to the conjuncture of the period will be examined.

Keywords

• Japanese Army General Staff
• military intelligence
• reforms.

JAPONYA GENELKURMAY BAŞKANLIĞI İSTİHBARAT BÜROSUNUN OLUŞUMU

Abstract

Bu makalenin amacı, Japonya Kara Kuvvetlerinin ayrıcalıklı başkomutanlığı olan Japonya Genelkurmay Başkanlığı’nın altında kurulan istihbarat toplama bürosunun, Meiji döneminden I. Dünya Savaşına kadar nasıl değişime uğradığını ve bu büronun ne şekilde bürokratik bir yapılanma geliştirdiğini ortaya koymaktır. Bunun yanı sıra, Japonya Genelkurmay Başkanlığının yabancı ülkelerde kurduğu istihbarat ağı incelenecektir. I. Bölümde, Japonya Genelkurmay Başkanlığı kurulmadan önceki dönemde Ordu Bakanlığı altında var olan istihbarat birimi incelenecektir. Ayrıca, bu istihbarat biriminin istihbarat kapasitesi, görev ve işlevleri hususunda yapılan yönetmelik değişiklikleriyle ortaya konulacaktır. II. bölümde, Prusya modeline göre yapılandırılan Japonya Genelkurmay Başkanlığı’nın kurulma süreci ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenecektir. Japonya Genelkurmay Başkanlığı, yaptığı yönetmelik değişiklikleriyle istihbarat toplama sistemini nasıl değiştirdiği, istihbarat ağının hangi nedenlerle genişlediği açığa çıkarılacaktır. Son olarak III. Bölümde, gerçekleştirilen yapısal reformlarla askeri ataşe ve gözlemcilerin Avrupa ve Amerika’da oluşturduğu istihbarat ağı kronolojik olarak ortaya çıkarılacaktır. Öte yandan, Japonya Genelkurmay Başkanlığı’nın istihbarat hedef ve amaçları, bunların dönemin konjonktürüne göre nasıl değiştiği irdelenecektir.

Keywords

• Japonya Genelkurmay Başkanlığı
• askeri istihbarat
• ıslahat

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