AMERİKAN BAŞKANLIK DOKTRİNLERİ’NİN TÜRKİYE-İRAN İLİŞKİLERİNE ETKİSİ: 1970’Lİ YILLAR

Abstract

Amerikan Başkanlık Doktrinleri uluslararası politikada takip edilecek genel bir strateji sunduğu fikriyle önemli bir yer tutar. Tüm devletler gibi ABD’nin uluslararası politikaları çok yönlü ve geniş çerçevelidir. Buna karşın başkanlık doktrinleri temel bir strateji çerçevesi ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada Amerikan başkanlık doktrinlerinin temelleri açıklanmış, Başkan Richard Nixon döneminden Jimmy Carter Dönemi’ne İran-Türkiye- Kuzey Irak ekseninde gelişen olaylar analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın odak noktasını 1970’li yıllar oluşturmaktadır. Türkiye ile ABD arasında 1970’li yıllarda kriz sebebi olan Haşhaş ekimi, Kıbrıs Meselesi ve ambargo krizi, ABD’nin Kuzey Irak ve İran’da dengeleri korumak için yöneldiği politikalar bütüncül bir yaklaşımla değerlendirilmiştir. ABD’nin Orta Doğu’ya yönelik politikalarının bölgesel aktörlerin karşılıklı ilişkilerine etkisi çerçevesinde süreç değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma’da 1970’li yıllarda yaşanan uluslararası krizlerin bölge ülkeleriyle-ABD arasında olduğu gibi bölgesel aktörler arasında da güvensizliğe sebep olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur. ABD’nin 1970’li yıllarda İran ve Türkiye ilişkilerini dengelemek için yeni bir aktör arayışında Kuzey Irak bölgesi ve buradaki Kürt unsurları desteklediği süreç gelişmiştir. Bu durum sınır komşuları arasındaki güvensizlik atmosferini geliştirirken bölge dışı aktörlere yeni stratejiler geliştirme imkanı sunduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Keywords

• Türkiye
• İran
• Kuzey Irak
• Başkanlık Politikaları.
• Iran
• Northern Iraq
• Presidential Policies.

Project Number

2219

THE EFFECT OF THE UNITED STATES PRESIDENTIAL POLICY ON TÜRKiYE–IRAN RELATIONS IN 1970s

Abstract

The American Presidential Doctrines play a crucial role in international politics because they provide a general strategy for United States’ (U.S.) allies to follow. The United States' international policies, like the policies of all states, are complicated and broad-based. Presidential doctrines, on the other hand, reveal a basic strategy framework. This study examined the events that occurred in the axis of Iran-Türkiye-Northern Iraq from President Richard Nixon to Jimmy Carter's administration and investigated the main outline of the American presidential doctrines that focused on the 1970s. Poppy cultivation, the Cyprus issue, and the embargo crisis, which caused the crisis between Türkiye and the US in the 1970s, together with the policies implemented by the US to maintain balance in Northern Iraq and Iran, were all evaluated with a holistic approach. In this study, it was determined that the international crises of the 1970s engendered a significant level of mistrust between regional countries, specifically in relation to the United States, as well as among various regional actors. During this time, the United States implemented a policy of supporting the Northern Iraq region and Kurdish elements in order to create a balance of power between Iran and Türkiye. This policy had the consequence of increasing feelings of insecurity among neighboring countries, but also created opportunities for non-regional actors to devise new strategies.

Keywords

• Iran
• Northern Iraq
• Presidential Policies.

Supporting Institution

TUBITAK

Project Number

2219

Thanks

This research was conducted at The Johns Hopkins University/SAIS in the United States. The author extends gratitude for the financial support received from TUBITAK through 2219 Program.

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