NARSİSİZM VE ÇELİŞİK DUYGULU CİNSİYETÇİLİK: CİNSİYET BAĞLAMINDA BİR İNCELEME

Abstract

Bu çalışma, narsisizm ile çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktadır. Narsisistik özellikler taşıyan erkek ve kadınların düşmanca ve korumacı cinsiyetçilik tutumlarının farklılaşıp farklaşmadığını araştırmak için Anadolu Üniversitesi’nde (Eskişehir) İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi İşletme öğrencileri katılımcı olarak seçilmiştir. Yaş orta-laması 22.58 (S=1.6) olarak hesaplanan 105 erkek ve yaş ortalaması 22.14 (S= 1.3) olan 105 kadın olmak üzere toplam 210 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak Narsisistik Kişilik Envanteri ve Çelişik Duygulu Cinsiyetçilik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. MANOVA ile cinsiyete göre narsisizmin ve düşmanca cinsiyetçilik tutumunun farklılaş-tığı, erkelerin kadınlara göre daha narsist ve daha düşmanca cinsiyetçilik tutumuna sahip oldukları bulgulanmıştır. Bağımsız örneklem testleri ise narsisistik özellikleri fazla olan erkek ve kadınların, düşük olanlara kıyasla daha güçlü düşmanca cinsiyetçilik tutumuna sahip olduklarını göstermiştir. Narsisizm ve cinsiyetçilik tutumlarının cinsiyet bağla-mında erkek ve kadınlar için ayrı ayrı incelenmesinin daha uygun olacağını gösteren bu çalışma, cinsiyetçilik tutumları-nın bir kişilik özelliği olarak narsisizm ile ilişkisinin incelendiği ilk çalışmadır.

Keywords

• cinsiyetçilik,narsisizm

References

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77. Emmons, R. A. (1987). “Narcissism: Theory and Measurement”, Journal of Personality and Social Psy-chology, 52(1), 11-17.
78. Fikret Pasa, S., Kabasakal, H., ve Bodur, M. (2001). “Society, Organisations, And Leadership In Turkey”, Ap-plied Psychology, 50(4), 559-589.
79. Foster, J. D., ve Campbell, W. K. (2007). “Are There Such Things As “Narcissists” In Social Psychology? A Tax-ometric Analysis Of The Narcissistic Personality Inventory”, Personality and Individual Differences, 43(6), 1321-1332.
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84. Glick, P., ve Fiske, S. T. (2001). “An Ambivalent Alliance: Hostile And Benevolent Sexism As Complementary Justifications For Gender Inequality”. American Psychologist, 56(2), 109-118.
85. Glick, P., ve Fiske, S. T. (2011). “Ambivalent Sexism Revisited”. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35(3), 530-535.
86. Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Mladinic, A., Saiz, J. L., Abrams, D., Masser, B., ... ve Annetje, B. (2000). “Beyond Preju-dice As Simple Antipathy: Hostile And Benevolent Sexism Across Cultures”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 763-775.
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88. Glick, P., Sakallı-Uğurlu, N., Akbaş, G., Orta, İ. M., ve Ceylan, S. (2016). “Why Do Women Endorse Honor Be-liefs? Ambivalent Sexism And Religiosity As Predictors”, Sex Roles, 75(11-12), 543-554.
89. Grijalva, E., Newman, D. A., Tay, L., Donnellan, M. B., Harms, P. D., Robins, R. W., ve Yan, T. (2015). “Gender Differences İn Narcissism: A Meta-Analytic Review”, Psychological Bulletin, 141(2), 261-310.
90. Grubbs, J. B., Exline, J. J., ve Twenge, J. M. (2014). “Psychological Entitlement And Ambivalent Sexism: Under-standing The Role Of Entitlement İn Predicting Two Forms Of Sexism”, Sex Roles, 70(5-6), 209-220.
91. Hammond, M. D., ve Sibley, C. G. (2011). “Why Are Benevolent Sexists Happier?”, Sex Roles, 65(5-6), 332-343.
92. Hammond, M. D., Sibley, C. G., ve Overall, N. C. (2014). “The Allure Of Sexism: Psychological Entitlement Fos-ters Women’S Endorsement Of Benevolent Sexism Over Time”, Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(4), 422-429.
93. Hodson, G., Hogg, S. M., ve MacInnis, C. C. (2009). “The Role Of “Dark Personalities”(Narcissism, Machiavelli-anism, Psychopathy), Big Five Personality Factors, And Ideology In Explaining Prejudice”, Journal of Re-search in Personality, 43(4), 686-690.
94. Horney, K. (2013). New Ways In Psychoanalysis. UK: Routledge.
95. Jost, J. T., ve Kay, A. C. (2005). “Exposure To Benevolent Sexism And Complementary Gender Stereotypes: Consequences For Specific And Diffuse Forms Of System Justification”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(3), 498-509.
96. Jost, J. T., Pelham, B. W., Sheldon, O., ve Ni Sullivan, B. (2003). “Social Inequality And The Reduction Of Ideo-logical Dissonance On Behalf Of The System: Evidence Of Enhanced System Justification Among The Disad-vantaged”, European journal of Social Psychology, 33(1), 13-36.
97. Jost, J. T., Ledgerwood, A., ve Hardin, C. D. (2008). “Shared Reality, System Justification, And The Relational Basis Of Ideological Beliefs”, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(1), 171-186.
98. Keiller, S. W. (2010). “Male Narcissism And Attitudes Toward Heterosexual Women And Men, Lesbian Wom-en, And Gay Men: Hostility Toward Heterosexual Women Most Of All”, Sex Roles, 63(7-8), 530-541.
99. Kernberg, O. (1974). “Further Contributions To The Treatment Of Narcissistic Personalities”, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 55, 215–240.
100. Kernberg, O. (1967). “Borderline Personality Organization”, Journal of the American psychoanalytic As-sociation, 15(3), 641-685.
101. Kernberg, O. (2016). Sınır durumlar ve patolojik narsisizm. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
102. Kilianski, S. E., ve Rudman, L. A. (1998). “Wanting It Both Ways: Do Women Approve Of Benevolent Sexism?”, Sex Roles, 39(5-6), 333-352.
103. Kohut, H. (1966). “Forms And Transformations Of Narcissism”, Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 14(2), 243-272.
104. Konrath, S. H. (2007). “Egos İnflating Over Time: Rising Narcissism And Its İmplications For Self-Construal, Cognitive Style, And Behavior”. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/57606/skonrath_2.pdf (erişim tarihi: 02.05.2019).
105. Konrath, S., Bushman, B. J., ve Campbell, W. K. (2006). “Attenuating The Link Between Threatened Egotism And Aggression”, Psychological Science, 17(11), 995-1001.
106. Masser, B. M., ve Abrams, D. (2004). “Reinforcing The Glass Ceiling: The Consequences Of Hostile Sexism For Female Managerial Candidates”, Sex Roles, 51(9-10), 609-615.
107. Miller, J. D., Maples, J. L., Buffardi, L., Cai, H., Gentile, B., Kisbu-Sakarya, Y., ... ve Siedor, L. (2015). “Narcissism And United States’ Culture: The View From Home And Around The World”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(6), 1068-1089.
108. Morf, C. C., ve Rhodewalt, F. (1993). “Narcissism And Self-Evaluation Maintenance: Explorations In Object Relations”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19(6), 668-676.
109. Phelan, J. E., ve Rudman, L. A. (2010). “Prejudice Toward Female Leaders: Backlash Effects And Women’s İmpression Management Dilemma”, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(10), 807-820.
110. Pincus, A. L., ve Lukowitsky, M. R. (2009). “Pathological Narcissism And Narcissistic Personality Disorder”, Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 421-446.
111. Raskin, R. N., ve Hall, C. S. (1979). “A Narcissistic Personality İnventory”, Psychological Reports,45(2), 490.
112. Reich, A. (1960). “Pathologic Forms Of Self-Esteem Regulation”, The psychoanalytic study of the child, 15(1), 215-232.
113. Reich, W. (2014). Karakter analizi. (Çev: Leyla Uslu). İstanbul: Cem Yayınevi.
114. Ronningstam, E. (2016). “Pathological Narcissism And Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Recent Research And Clinical Implications”, Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports, 3(1), 34-42.
115. Rudman, L. A., Moss-Racusin, C. A., Phelan, J. E., ve Nauts, S. (2012). “Status İncongruity And Backlash Effects: Defending The Gender Hierarchy Motivates Prejudice Against Female Leaders”, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(1), 165-179.
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