A RETROSPECTIVE LOOK AT THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION : HALLMARK OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Abstract

The acceleration of globalization in the nineteenth century increased the number of actors in international relations and deeply affected the relations between these actors. In this century, international organizations have been permanently integrated into the single-actor and state-centered system with their institutional structures and have started to provide important inputs to the system that has been maturing since the Peace of Westphalia. This study explains why we have waited hundreds of years for the emergence of permanent international organizations. For this purpose, the development process of the modern nation-state and international relations system are investigated since the sixteenth century, the system of congresses, which played an important role in the development of permanent international organizations and accepted to have started with the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and its contributions to the development of international organizations are emphasized, modern international organizations and the reasons for their emergence are discussed in detail, and finally, it is explained why these organizations are mainly products of the nineteenth century. The study explains this situation with material (need oriented), intellectual, strategic and systemic factors and argues that the nineteenth century is the magic century of international organizations because of these factors.

Keywords

• Nation-State
• Congress System
• Development of International Organizations
• Nineteenth Century

ULUSLARARASI ÖRGÜTLENMENİN GELİŞİMİNE RETROSPEKTİF BİR BAKIŞ: ON DOKUZUNCU YÜZYILIN ALAMETİFARİKASI

Abstract

On dokuzuncu yüzyılda küreselleşmenin hız kazanması, uluslararası ilişkilerdeki aktör sayısını arttırırken, bu aktörler arasındaki ilişki biçimlerini de derinden etkilemiştir. Bu yüzyılda, tek aktörlü ve devlet merkezli sisteme uluslararası örgütler de kurumsal yapılarıyla kalıcı şekilde dahil olmuş ve Westphalia Barışı’ndan itibaren olgunlaşmakta olan sisteme önemli girdiler sağlamaya başlamışlardır. Bu çalışma, daimî uluslararası örgütlerin ortaya çıkışı için neden yüzlerce yıl beklenildiğini açıklamaktadır. Bu amaç için, önce modern ulus-devletin ve uluslararası ilişkiler sisteminin gelişim süreci XVI. yüzyıldan itibaren ele alınmış, daimî uluslararası kuruluşlarının gelişiminde önemli rol oynayan ve 1815 Viyana Kongresi ile başladığı kabul edilen kongreler sistemi ve bunun uluslararası örgütlerin gelişimine katkıları üzerinde durulmuş, modern uluslararası örgütler ve bunların ortaya çıkış nedenleri detaylı şekilde ele alınırken, nihayet bu örgütlerin neden esas olarak XIX. yüzyıl ürünü oldukları açıklanmıştır. Çalışma bu durumu maddi (ihtiyaca yönelik), düşünsel, stratejik ve sistemsel faktörler ile açıklamakta ve bu faktörler nedeniyle XIX. yüzyılın uluslararası örgütlerin sihirli yüzyılı olduğunu ileri sürmektedir.

Keywords

• Ulus-Devlet
• Kongreler Sistemi
• Uluslararası Örgütlerin Gelişimi
• On Dokuzuncu Yüzyıl

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