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SİVİL TOPLUM ÇALIŞMALARINDA YARI YAPILANDIRILMIŞ MÜLAKATLAR: SAHADAN ÖRNEKLER

Year 2022, Issue: 51, 239 - 255, 09.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1116964

Abstract

Bu makalede sivil toplum ve nitel çalışmalarda önemli bir metodolojik araç olan yarı yapılandırmış mülakat yönteminin incelikleri ve kısıtlılıkları incelenmektedir. Yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar yoluyla araştırmacılar, araştırmaya konu olan bireylerin deneyimleri, görüşleri, duyguları ve motivasyonlarının çeşitli yönleri hakkında başka yöntemlerle elde edilmesi zor olabilecek ve derinlemesine açıklama sunan verilere erişebilirler. Bu çalışmada yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatın tanımından yola çıkılarak çeşitli mülakat şekilleri detaylandırılmış ve özellikle Türkiye’deki sivil toplum çalışmalarından örnekler sunulmuştur. Bilgi üretim sürecinin her bir aşamasında düşünülmesi gereken ve araştırmanın bütününü etkileyen konumsallık ve düşünümsellik, katılımcılara erişim ve yakınlık kurma, etik meseleler ve etkileşim gibi en temel konular ve sahada karşımıza çıkabilecek güçlükler mevcut literatürün analizine ve yazarın kişisel saha deneyimlerine dayalı bir şekilde tartışılmıştır. Çalışmada tüm bu tartışmalar üzerinden yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatların önemli bir yöntembilimi olduğu vurgulanarak, yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatların araştırma sürecinin bir parçası olarak nasıl etkili bir şekilde kullanılacağına dair kuramsal ve pratik önerilerde bulunulmaktadır.

References

  • Akal, E. Kızıl Feminstler (2011). Kızıl Feministler: Bir Sözlü Tarih Çalışması,İletişimYayınları, İstanbul.
  • Akboğa, S. (2017). “The current state of volunteering in Turkey”, Perspectives on Volunteering, (Ed: J.Butcher ve C. J. Einolf),Springer, Cham, 245-261.
  • Altan Arslan, Ş., Kara, N., & Duranay, H. I. (2021). “Women’s movements for the elimination of violence against women: lessons from oral history of the Law 4320 in Turkey”, Policy Studies, 1-17.
  • Barbour, R. ve Kitzinger,J. ( 1999) Developing focus group research politics, theory and practice, SAGE, London ; Thousand Oaks, [Calif.].
  • Bee, C., ve Kaya, A. (2017). “Youth and active citizenship in Turkey: Engagement, participation and emancipation. Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies”, 17/1, 129-143.
  • Biehl,K. S. ve Aslan, Ö. (2021) Göç ve Çevre Çalışmalarında Toplumsal Cinsiyet Nerede? Türkiye’de Sivil Toplumdan Örnekler, Sabancı Üniversitesi Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Kadın Çalışmaları Mükemmelyet Merkezi ve Raoul Wallenberg Enstitüsü, İstanbul. Elde edilme tarihi: 27 Nisan 2022, https://sugender.sabanciuniv.edu/sites/sugender.sabanciuniv.edu/files/2021-10/rwi_final19.11_0.pdf
  • Blee,K. ve Taylor, V. (2002) “Semi-Structured Interviewing in Social Movement Research”, Methods of social movement research, (Ed. B. Klandermans ve S. Staggenborg ),Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 92-117.
  • Boşnak, B. (2021). “Politics of Subsidiarity in Refugee Reception: The Case of Civil Society in Turkey”, Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 19/3, 301-315.
  • Boşnak, B. (2016). “Europeanisation and De-Europeanisation Dynamics in Turkey: The Case of Environmental Organisations”,South European Society & Politics, 21/1, 75-90.
  • Brooks, S. M. (2013). “The Ethical Treatment of Human Subjects and the Institutional Review Board Process”, Interview Research in Political Science, (Ed: L. Mosley), Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 67-83.
  • Bryman, A. ve Bell, E. (2019). Social Research Methods, Fifth Canadian edition, Oxford University Press.
  • Campbell, D., & Çarkoğlu, A. (2019). “Informal Giving in Turkey”,Voluntas, 30/4, 738-753.
  • Çakır, S. (2011). “Feminist Tarih Yazımı: Tarihin Kadınlar İçin, Kadınlar Tarafından Yeniden İnşası”, Birkaç Arpa Boyu… 21. Yüzyıla Girerken Türkiye’de Feminist Çalışmalar, (Ed: S. Sancar), Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul,505-533.
  • Çakmaklı, D. (2015). “Active citizenship in Turkey: Learning citizenship in civil society organizations”,Citizenship Studies, 19/3-4, 421-435.
  • Çetinkaya,D. (2015). Toplumsal Hareketler: Tarih, Teori ve Deneyim. İletişim Yayınları:İstanbul.
  • Della Porta, D. (2020). “Building Bridges: Social Movements and Civil Society in Times of Crisis”, Voluntas, 31/5, 938-948.
  • Denzin,N.K. ( 1989) Interpretive Biography, SAGE Publications Inc., London
  • Erdoğan, E., Uyan-Semerci,P., Yentürk, N. ve Yurttagüler, L. (2020). Türkiye’de Gönüllülük: Deneyimler, Sınırlılıklar ve Yeni Açılımlar, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Feyduk, O. ve Zentai, V. (2019) “Göç Çalışmalarında Görüşme: Diyalog ve Ortak Bilgi Üretimine Doğru Bir Adım?”, Avrupa Göç Çalışmalarında Nitel Araştırmalar, Göç Araştırmaları Derneği, İstanbul, 200-220.
  • Fusch, P., Fusch, G. E., ve Ness, L. R. (2018). “Denzin’s paradigm shift: Revisiting triangulation in qualitative research”, Journal of social change, 10/1, 2.
  • Kaldor, M.(2003). Global civil society: An answer to war, Polity Press,Cambridge.
  • Kaliber, A. (2022). “Niteliksel Mülakatlarda Düşünümsel Yaklaşım Üzerine Yeniden Düşünmek”, Uluslararası İlişkilerde Metodoloji, Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul, 351-374.
  • Kaliber, A. (2016). “De-Europeanisation of Civil Society and Public Debates in Turkey: The Kurdish Question Revisited”, South European Society & Politics, 21/1, 59-74.
  • Keyman, E., ve Icduygu, A. (2003). “Globalization, Civil Society and Citizenship in Turkey: Actors, Boundaries and Discourses”, Citizenship Studies, 7/2, 219-234.
  • Klandermans, B. ve Staggenborg, S. (2002). Methods of social movement research. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: an introduction to qualitative research interviewing, SAGE, London.
  • Leavy, P. (2014).The Oxford Handbook of Qualitative Research, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Lune, H. ve Berg,B. L. (2017). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences, Pearson.
  • MacLean, L. M. (2013). “The Power of the Interviewer”, Interview Research in Political Science, (Ed: L. Mosley), Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 67-83.
  • McMullin, (2021). “Transcription and Qualitative Methods: Implications for Third Sector Research”, Voluntas, 1-14.
  • Morgan, D. (1993). Successful focus groups advancing the state of the art, SAGE, Newbury Park, Calif.; London.
  • Mosley, L. (2013). Interview research in political science. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Neyzi, L. (2010). “Oral History and Memory Studies in Turkey”, Turkey’s Engagement with Modernity: Conflict and Change in the Twentieth Century, (Ed: C. Kerslake, K. Öktem ve P. Robins), Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, 443-459.
  • Nimer, M. (2020). “Transforming state–civil society relations: centralization and externalization in refugee education”,New Perspectives on Turkey, 63, 32-54.
  • Paker, H., Keyman, E.F. (2020). “State, Civil Society, and Syrians in Turkey”. (Ed: F. Baban ve K. Rygiel), Fostering Pluralism through Solidarity Activism in Europe, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
  • Paker, H. (2019). Practicing coexistence in civil society: Syrian refugees in Turkey. IPC-Mercator Report. Istanbul Policy Center. https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/Document/practicing-coexistence-in-civil-society-syrian-refugees-in-turkey-f43197/practicing-coexistence-in-civil-society-syrian-refugees-in-turkey-f43197.pdf
  • Robson,C. (1993) Real World Research, Blackwell Publishing.
  • Rubin, H. J. ve Rubin, I. S. (2012) Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing Data, 3. Baskı, SAGE, Thousand Oaks, Calif.
  • Rumelili,B. ve Boşnak,B. (2015) “Taking stock of the Europeanization of civil society in Turkey”,(Ed:A. Tekin ve A. Güney),The Europeanization of Turkey: polity and politics, Routledge, London, 127-144.
  • Seale,C. ve Rivas,C. ( 2012) “Using Software to Analyze Qualitative Interviews”, (Ed: J. F. Gubrium, J., J.A. Holstein, A. Marvasti ve K. McKinney ), The SAGE Handbook of Interview Research: The Complexity of the Craft , İkinci Baskı, (2nd ed.), SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, 427-440.
  • Sherif, B. (2001). “The ambiguity of boundaries in the fieldwork experience: Establishing rapport and negotiating insider/outsider status”, Qualitative inquiry, 7/4, 436-447.
  • Simsek, S. (2004). “The transformation of civil society in Turkey: From quantity to quality”, Turkish Studies, 5/3, 46-74.
  • Spencer,L., Ritchie, J. Ormston,R., O’connor, W. ve BarnardM. (20014). “Analysis : Principles and Processes”, Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers, (Ed.: J. Ritchie, J. Lewis, C. M. Nichollls ve R. Ormston), Sage, Los Angles.
  • Strauss, A., ve Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research techniques: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory, 2. Baskı, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks.
  • Sunata, U., ve Tosun, S. (2019). “Assessing the Civil Society’s Role in Refugee Integration in Turkey: NGO-R as a New Typology”,Journal of Refugee Studies, 32 /4, 683-703.
  • Süleymanoğlu-Kürüm, R. (2021). “Uluslararası İlişkilerde Nitel Yöntemlerle Makale Yazımı: Vaka Analizi ve İncelikleri”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 42 /1, 149-168.
  • Van der Zee, B. (2017) Democracy campaigner: governments are scared of the participation revolution, Guardian. Elde edilme tarihi: 27 Nisan 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2017/apr/25/democracy-campaigner-governments-are-scared-of-the-participation-revolution.
  • Yabanci, B. (2019). “Turkey's tamed civil society: Containment and appropriation under a competitive authoritarian regime”, Journal of Civil Society, 15/4, 285-306.
  • Zihnioğlu, O. (2018). “The Prospects of Civic Alliance: New Civic Activists Acting Together with Civil Society Organizations”, Voluntas, 30/2, 289-299.
  • Zihnioğlu, Ö. (2013). European Union civil society policy and Turkey : A bridge too far?, Palgrave Macmillan, London.

SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS IN CIVIL SOCIETY STUDIES: NOTES FROM THE FIELD

Year 2022, Issue: 51, 239 - 255, 09.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1116964

Abstract

This article examines the details and limitations of the semi-structured interviews as one of the important methodological tools in civil society and qualitative studies. Through the semi-structured interview method, researchers have access to data that provides in-depth explanations about various aspects of the experiences, opinions, emotions, and motivations of the individuals who are the research subjects, which may be challenging to obtain with other methods. The study details different types of semi-structured interviews and presents examples from civil society studies in Turkey. Based on the analysis of the existing literature and the author's field study experiences, the article discusses fundamental issues such as positionality and reflexivity, establishing rapport and access to participants, ethical issues and interaction, and the difficulties in each stage of the knowledge production process. The study emphasizes that semi-structured interviews are an important methodology, and presents theoretical and practical recommendations for researchers.

References

  • Akal, E. Kızıl Feminstler (2011). Kızıl Feministler: Bir Sözlü Tarih Çalışması,İletişimYayınları, İstanbul.
  • Akboğa, S. (2017). “The current state of volunteering in Turkey”, Perspectives on Volunteering, (Ed: J.Butcher ve C. J. Einolf),Springer, Cham, 245-261.
  • Altan Arslan, Ş., Kara, N., & Duranay, H. I. (2021). “Women’s movements for the elimination of violence against women: lessons from oral history of the Law 4320 in Turkey”, Policy Studies, 1-17.
  • Barbour, R. ve Kitzinger,J. ( 1999) Developing focus group research politics, theory and practice, SAGE, London ; Thousand Oaks, [Calif.].
  • Bee, C., ve Kaya, A. (2017). “Youth and active citizenship in Turkey: Engagement, participation and emancipation. Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies”, 17/1, 129-143.
  • Biehl,K. S. ve Aslan, Ö. (2021) Göç ve Çevre Çalışmalarında Toplumsal Cinsiyet Nerede? Türkiye’de Sivil Toplumdan Örnekler, Sabancı Üniversitesi Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Kadın Çalışmaları Mükemmelyet Merkezi ve Raoul Wallenberg Enstitüsü, İstanbul. Elde edilme tarihi: 27 Nisan 2022, https://sugender.sabanciuniv.edu/sites/sugender.sabanciuniv.edu/files/2021-10/rwi_final19.11_0.pdf
  • Blee,K. ve Taylor, V. (2002) “Semi-Structured Interviewing in Social Movement Research”, Methods of social movement research, (Ed. B. Klandermans ve S. Staggenborg ),Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 92-117.
  • Boşnak, B. (2021). “Politics of Subsidiarity in Refugee Reception: The Case of Civil Society in Turkey”, Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 19/3, 301-315.
  • Boşnak, B. (2016). “Europeanisation and De-Europeanisation Dynamics in Turkey: The Case of Environmental Organisations”,South European Society & Politics, 21/1, 75-90.
  • Brooks, S. M. (2013). “The Ethical Treatment of Human Subjects and the Institutional Review Board Process”, Interview Research in Political Science, (Ed: L. Mosley), Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 67-83.
  • Bryman, A. ve Bell, E. (2019). Social Research Methods, Fifth Canadian edition, Oxford University Press.
  • Campbell, D., & Çarkoğlu, A. (2019). “Informal Giving in Turkey”,Voluntas, 30/4, 738-753.
  • Çakır, S. (2011). “Feminist Tarih Yazımı: Tarihin Kadınlar İçin, Kadınlar Tarafından Yeniden İnşası”, Birkaç Arpa Boyu… 21. Yüzyıla Girerken Türkiye’de Feminist Çalışmalar, (Ed: S. Sancar), Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul,505-533.
  • Çakmaklı, D. (2015). “Active citizenship in Turkey: Learning citizenship in civil society organizations”,Citizenship Studies, 19/3-4, 421-435.
  • Çetinkaya,D. (2015). Toplumsal Hareketler: Tarih, Teori ve Deneyim. İletişim Yayınları:İstanbul.
  • Della Porta, D. (2020). “Building Bridges: Social Movements and Civil Society in Times of Crisis”, Voluntas, 31/5, 938-948.
  • Denzin,N.K. ( 1989) Interpretive Biography, SAGE Publications Inc., London
  • Erdoğan, E., Uyan-Semerci,P., Yentürk, N. ve Yurttagüler, L. (2020). Türkiye’de Gönüllülük: Deneyimler, Sınırlılıklar ve Yeni Açılımlar, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Feyduk, O. ve Zentai, V. (2019) “Göç Çalışmalarında Görüşme: Diyalog ve Ortak Bilgi Üretimine Doğru Bir Adım?”, Avrupa Göç Çalışmalarında Nitel Araştırmalar, Göç Araştırmaları Derneği, İstanbul, 200-220.
  • Fusch, P., Fusch, G. E., ve Ness, L. R. (2018). “Denzin’s paradigm shift: Revisiting triangulation in qualitative research”, Journal of social change, 10/1, 2.
  • Kaldor, M.(2003). Global civil society: An answer to war, Polity Press,Cambridge.
  • Kaliber, A. (2022). “Niteliksel Mülakatlarda Düşünümsel Yaklaşım Üzerine Yeniden Düşünmek”, Uluslararası İlişkilerde Metodoloji, Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul, 351-374.
  • Kaliber, A. (2016). “De-Europeanisation of Civil Society and Public Debates in Turkey: The Kurdish Question Revisited”, South European Society & Politics, 21/1, 59-74.
  • Keyman, E., ve Icduygu, A. (2003). “Globalization, Civil Society and Citizenship in Turkey: Actors, Boundaries and Discourses”, Citizenship Studies, 7/2, 219-234.
  • Klandermans, B. ve Staggenborg, S. (2002). Methods of social movement research. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: an introduction to qualitative research interviewing, SAGE, London.
  • Leavy, P. (2014).The Oxford Handbook of Qualitative Research, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Lune, H. ve Berg,B. L. (2017). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences, Pearson.
  • MacLean, L. M. (2013). “The Power of the Interviewer”, Interview Research in Political Science, (Ed: L. Mosley), Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 67-83.
  • McMullin, (2021). “Transcription and Qualitative Methods: Implications for Third Sector Research”, Voluntas, 1-14.
  • Morgan, D. (1993). Successful focus groups advancing the state of the art, SAGE, Newbury Park, Calif.; London.
  • Mosley, L. (2013). Interview research in political science. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Neyzi, L. (2010). “Oral History and Memory Studies in Turkey”, Turkey’s Engagement with Modernity: Conflict and Change in the Twentieth Century, (Ed: C. Kerslake, K. Öktem ve P. Robins), Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, 443-459.
  • Nimer, M. (2020). “Transforming state–civil society relations: centralization and externalization in refugee education”,New Perspectives on Turkey, 63, 32-54.
  • Paker, H., Keyman, E.F. (2020). “State, Civil Society, and Syrians in Turkey”. (Ed: F. Baban ve K. Rygiel), Fostering Pluralism through Solidarity Activism in Europe, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
  • Paker, H. (2019). Practicing coexistence in civil society: Syrian refugees in Turkey. IPC-Mercator Report. Istanbul Policy Center. https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/Document/practicing-coexistence-in-civil-society-syrian-refugees-in-turkey-f43197/practicing-coexistence-in-civil-society-syrian-refugees-in-turkey-f43197.pdf
  • Robson,C. (1993) Real World Research, Blackwell Publishing.
  • Rubin, H. J. ve Rubin, I. S. (2012) Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing Data, 3. Baskı, SAGE, Thousand Oaks, Calif.
  • Rumelili,B. ve Boşnak,B. (2015) “Taking stock of the Europeanization of civil society in Turkey”,(Ed:A. Tekin ve A. Güney),The Europeanization of Turkey: polity and politics, Routledge, London, 127-144.
  • Seale,C. ve Rivas,C. ( 2012) “Using Software to Analyze Qualitative Interviews”, (Ed: J. F. Gubrium, J., J.A. Holstein, A. Marvasti ve K. McKinney ), The SAGE Handbook of Interview Research: The Complexity of the Craft , İkinci Baskı, (2nd ed.), SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, 427-440.
  • Sherif, B. (2001). “The ambiguity of boundaries in the fieldwork experience: Establishing rapport and negotiating insider/outsider status”, Qualitative inquiry, 7/4, 436-447.
  • Simsek, S. (2004). “The transformation of civil society in Turkey: From quantity to quality”, Turkish Studies, 5/3, 46-74.
  • Spencer,L., Ritchie, J. Ormston,R., O’connor, W. ve BarnardM. (20014). “Analysis : Principles and Processes”, Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers, (Ed.: J. Ritchie, J. Lewis, C. M. Nichollls ve R. Ormston), Sage, Los Angles.
  • Strauss, A., ve Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research techniques: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory, 2. Baskı, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks.
  • Sunata, U., ve Tosun, S. (2019). “Assessing the Civil Society’s Role in Refugee Integration in Turkey: NGO-R as a New Typology”,Journal of Refugee Studies, 32 /4, 683-703.
  • Süleymanoğlu-Kürüm, R. (2021). “Uluslararası İlişkilerde Nitel Yöntemlerle Makale Yazımı: Vaka Analizi ve İncelikleri”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 42 /1, 149-168.
  • Van der Zee, B. (2017) Democracy campaigner: governments are scared of the participation revolution, Guardian. Elde edilme tarihi: 27 Nisan 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2017/apr/25/democracy-campaigner-governments-are-scared-of-the-participation-revolution.
  • Yabanci, B. (2019). “Turkey's tamed civil society: Containment and appropriation under a competitive authoritarian regime”, Journal of Civil Society, 15/4, 285-306.
  • Zihnioğlu, O. (2018). “The Prospects of Civic Alliance: New Civic Activists Acting Together with Civil Society Organizations”, Voluntas, 30/2, 289-299.
  • Zihnioğlu, Ö. (2013). European Union civil society policy and Turkey : A bridge too far?, Palgrave Macmillan, London.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Büke Boşnak 0000-0003-4392-9824

Early Pub Date August 26, 2022
Publication Date August 9, 2022
Acceptance Date July 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 51

Cite

APA Boşnak, B. (2022). SİVİL TOPLUM ÇALIŞMALARINDA YARI YAPILANDIRILMIŞ MÜLAKATLAR: SAHADAN ÖRNEKLER. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(51), 239-255. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1116964
AMA Boşnak B. SİVİL TOPLUM ÇALIŞMALARINDA YARI YAPILANDIRILMIŞ MÜLAKATLAR: SAHADAN ÖRNEKLER. PAUSBED. August 2022;(51):239-255. doi:10.30794/pausbed.1116964
Chicago Boşnak, Büke. “SİVİL TOPLUM ÇALIŞMALARINDA YARI YAPILANDIRILMIŞ MÜLAKATLAR: SAHADAN ÖRNEKLER”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 51 (August 2022): 239-55. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1116964.
EndNote Boşnak B (August 1, 2022) SİVİL TOPLUM ÇALIŞMALARINDA YARI YAPILANDIRILMIŞ MÜLAKATLAR: SAHADAN ÖRNEKLER. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 51 239–255.
IEEE B. Boşnak, “SİVİL TOPLUM ÇALIŞMALARINDA YARI YAPILANDIRILMIŞ MÜLAKATLAR: SAHADAN ÖRNEKLER”, PAUSBED, no. 51, pp. 239–255, August 2022, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.1116964.
ISNAD Boşnak, Büke. “SİVİL TOPLUM ÇALIŞMALARINDA YARI YAPILANDIRILMIŞ MÜLAKATLAR: SAHADAN ÖRNEKLER”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 51 (August 2022), 239-255. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1116964.
JAMA Boşnak B. SİVİL TOPLUM ÇALIŞMALARINDA YARI YAPILANDIRILMIŞ MÜLAKATLAR: SAHADAN ÖRNEKLER. PAUSBED. 2022;:239–255.
MLA Boşnak, Büke. “SİVİL TOPLUM ÇALIŞMALARINDA YARI YAPILANDIRILMIŞ MÜLAKATLAR: SAHADAN ÖRNEKLER”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 51, 2022, pp. 239-55, doi:10.30794/pausbed.1116964.
Vancouver Boşnak B. SİVİL TOPLUM ÇALIŞMALARINDA YARI YAPILANDIRILMIŞ MÜLAKATLAR: SAHADAN ÖRNEKLER. PAUSBED. 2022(51):239-55.