Mülkiyetin Bir Biçimi Olarak Beden ve Biyosa Genişleyen Mülkiyet

Abstract

Bu çalışmada en genel anlamıyla, sermaye ve biyolojinin birbirine entegre olmasıyla birlikte ortaya çıkan biyo-sermayenin, mülkiyetin ve sermayenin sınırlarını fiziki dünyadan biyolojik dünyaya doğru genişletmesi ele alınmaktadır. Bu genişlemeyle birlikte bir yandan, mülkiyetin tanımı ve kapsam alanı değişirken, bir yandan da mülkiyetin bu yeni formlarının yasallaşabilmesi için kölelik hukuku ve kapitalizmin klasik dönemlerinden kalma içtihatlar yeniden güncellenmektedir. Dolasıyla bu çalışma bir yandan biyo-sermayenin ortaya çıkışını diğer yandan da, bu sermayeye alan açan kolonici uygulamaların, şirket tüzel kişiliğinin ve kölecilik hukukunun nasıl birbirinin içine geçtiğini anlamaya çalışmaktadır. Bu problematiğin açıklığa kavuşturulması için, kapitalizmin klasik dönemine ait mülkiyet hukuku ile biyo-sermayenin geliştirmiş olduğu mülkiyet hukuku, literatür taramasına dayalı metinsel bir karşılaştırmayla ele alınmıştır. Bu taramanın sonunda, makalede de görülebileceği üzere, köleliğin kaldırılmasının ardından sermayenin antropomorfikleşmesi, biyo-sermaye alanında özel bir boyuta taşınmakla kalmamış aynı zamanda biyoloji bazlı patentler, mülkiyet, sahiplik ve fikri mülkiyet hakları söz konusu olduğunda, çağdaş hukukun 19. Yüzyılın sonlarında lağvedilmiş olan kölelik hukukuna bağlı içtihatlar yaptığı görülmüştür.

Keywords

• Beden
• Biyos
• Biyo-Sermaye
• Mülkiyet
• Kölelik

The Body as a Form of Property and Property Expanding into the Body

Abstract

In the most general sense, this study deals with the expansion of the boundaries of property and capital from the physical world to the biological world by bio-capital, which emerged with the integration of capital and biology. With this expansion, on the one hand, the definition and scope of property changed, and on the other hand, slavery law and jurisprudence from the classical periods of capitalism were updated in order to legalise these new forms of property. Therefore, this study seeks to understand the emergence of bio-capital on the one hand, and on the other, how colonialist practices, corporate legal personality, and slavery law intertwine to create space for this capital. In order to clarify this problem, the property law of the classical period of capitalism and the property law developed by bio-capital are discussed through a textual comparison based on a literature review. At the end of this review, as can be seen in the article, the anthropomorphism of capital following the abolition of slavery has not only been carried to a special dimension in the field of bio-capital but also in the case of biology-based patents, ownership, possession, and intellectual property rights. Thus, it has been observed that contemporary law has jurisprudence based on slavery law, which was abolished in the late 19th century.

Keywords

• body
• bios
• biyo-capital
• property
• slavery

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