China’s Belt and Road Initiative: A Political Economy Analysis from the Perspective of the Corridors

Abstract

The main purpose of the study is to show the historical dynamics in the emergence of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), announced by China in 2013, and to reveal the basic features of the six economic corridors structured within the scope of the Initiative with country-based data. Its historical background includes the revival and expansion of the ancient Silk Road, a trade route built on the basis of the economic and cultural development of the countries and kingdoms along the Road. BRI is structured as an economic corridor connecting countries that are complementary in terms of their resources and economic capacities and have strong cooperation potential. The fact that most of the countries in the corridors are developing or even underdeveloped countries can also be seen as an example of the Belt and Road Initiative as a kind of South-South cooperation on a global scale. The total investment amount from the beginning of BRI until the end of 2023 has approached 1 trillion dollars. Despite these investments, there are risks of the political environment of the host countries, disputes between the countries of the region, regional conflicts, and financing difficulties.

Keywords

• BRI
• Belt and Road
• Silk Road

Çin’in Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi: Koridorlar Açısından Ekonomi Politik Bir Analiz

Abstract

Çalışmanın temel amacı, Çin tarafından 2013 yılında ilan edilen Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi'nin (KYG) ortaya çıkışındaki tarihsel dinamikleri göstermek ve Girişim kapsamında yapılandırılan altı ekonomik koridorun temel özelliklerini ülke bazlı verilerle ortaya koymaktır. Tarihsel arka planı, yol üzerindeki ülke ve krallıkların ekonomik ve kültürel gelişimi temelinde inşa edilen bir ticaret yolu olan antik İpek Yolu'nun yeniden canlandırılması ve genişletilmesini içermektedir. KYG, kaynakları ve ekonomik kapasiteleri bakımından birbirini tamamlayan ve güçlü işbirliği potansiyeline sahip ülkeleri birbirine bağlayan bir ekonomik koridor olarak yapılandırılmıştır. Koridorlarda yer alan ülkelerin çoğunun gelişmekte olan hatta az gelişmiş ülkeler olması da Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi'nin küresel ölçekte bir tür Güney-Güney işbirliği örneği olarak görülebilir. KYG'nin başlangıcından 2023 yılı sonuna kadar toplam yatırım tutarı 1 trilyon dolara yaklaşmıştır. Bu yatırımlara rağmen ev sahibi ülkelerin siyasi ortamı, bölge ülkeleri arasındaki anlaşmazlıklar, bölgesel çatışmalar ve finansman zorlukları gibi riskler bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

• BRI
• Kuşak ve Yol
• İpek Yolu

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