Yeni Küresel Düzen Arayışında Çin'in Hegemonyaya Meydan Okuması

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 1083 - 1096, 19.09.2025

İlyas Balcı

https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1580803

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Çin'in ABD liderliğindeki küresel hegemonik düzene karşı finans, siyaset ve ticaret alanlarında giriştiği meydan okumayı sistematik olarak ele almaktadır. Bu bağlamda, araştırma sorusu "Çin'in küresel hegemonya düzenine karşı ekonomik, politik ve ticari alanlarda geliştirdiği stratejik girişimler nelerdir?" olarak belirlenmiştir. Mevcut Batı merkezli kurumların getirdiği sınırlamalardan kaynaklanan memnuniyetsizlikle hareket eden Çin, özellikle 2008 finansal krizinden bu yana alternatif girişimler geliştirmiştir. Finansal olarak, Asya Altyapı Yatırım Bankası, Yeni Kalkınma Bankası, dijital yuan ve Sınır Ötesi Bankalararası Ödeme Sistemi gibi girişimleri Çin’in Batı finansal mekanizmalarına bağımlılığını azaltma hedefini yansıtmaktadır. Siyasi alanda, çok kutuplu bir dünya düzenini savunmak adına BRICS ittifakını kullanarak ABD hegemonyasına alternatif olarak çok taraflılığı desteklemektedir. Ticari alanda, “Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi” ve “Çin Malı 2025” gibi projeleriyle Çin küresel etkisini güçlendirmekte ve yüksek katma değerli endüstriler geliştirerek bağımlılığını azaltmaktadır. Çalışmanın özgünlüğü, bu stratejik alanları bütünleşik bir analizle ele alarak, Çin’in uluslararası güç yapısını dönüştürme girişimlerini kapsayıcı bakış açısıyla sunmasında yatmaktadır. Metodolojik olarak birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan elde edilen verileri sentezleyerek nitel bir analiz barındıran çalışma, küresel yönetişim, ekonomik etki ve çok kutupluluğa geçiş üzerine literatüre benzersiz bir perspektif katmaktadır.

Keywords

Hegemonya , Küresel Düzen , Meydan Okuma

China's Strategic Challenge to Hegemony for a New Global Order

Abstract

This study examines China’s challenge to the global hegemonic order through finance, politics, and commerce in a systematic and interconnected manner. Its research question is "What are China’s strategic initiatives in economic, political, and commercial spheres against global hegemonic order?”. China implemented initiatives notably since 2008 financial crisis with dissatisfaction from Western-dominated institutions. Financially, China’s initiatives of “Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank”, “New Development Bank”, digital yuan and “Cross-Border Interbank Payment System” highlights its drive to reduce reliance on Western financial mechanisms. Politically, China utilized BRICS alliance to advocate for a multipolar world order as alternative to the U.S. hegemony. Commercially, China augments its global influence by advancing high-value industries, “the Belt and Road Initiative” and “Made in China 2025”. This study's originality lies in its integrated and holistic analysis of China’s systematic initiatives in these strategic spheres to reshape international power structures. Methodologically, this study adopts a qualitative analysis approach, synthesizing data from primary and secondary sources to provide a holistic view of China’s strategic efforts across these spheres. It thus distinguishes from existing literature and offers more comprehensive perspective on China's systemic challenge to global hegemony by integrating financial, political, and commercial dimensions within a unified analytical framework.

Keywords

Hegemony , Global Order , Challenge

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