Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 261 - 279, 01.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.39.9.2

Abstract

References

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  • Ahmed, A. R. (2016). Instructional leadership practices of selected principals in Maldives - a case study [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. Asia e University.
  • Akay, E., & Aypay, A. (2016). School effectiveness and comparison of the effectiveness of Turkish state secondary schools according to socioeconomic status. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 453-467.
  • Ali, N., Sharma, S., & Zaman, A. (2016). School culture and school effectiveness: secondary schools in Pakistan. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 4(4), 50-65.
  • Amlus, M. H., Abdullah, A. Z., Ibrahim, A., & Mokhtarudin, H. (2015). The Relationship of training on manufacturing capabilities among electrical and electronic manufacturers in Malaysia. Applied Mechanics and Materials, (793), 663-668. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.793.663
  • Awang, Z. (2015). SEM made simple: A gentle approach to learning Structural Equation Modelling. MPWS Rich Publication.
  • Baldwin, L., Coney, F., Fardig, D., & Thomas, R. (1993). School effectiveness questionnaire. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
  • Bhengu, T. T., & Mthembu, T. T. (2014). Effective leadership, school culture and school effectiveness: A case study of two ‘sister’schools in Umlazi Township. Journal of Social Sciences, 38(1), 43-52.
  • Cobanoglu, F., & Yurek, U. (2018). School administrators’ self-efficacy beliefs and leadership styles. European Journal of Educational Research, 7(3), 555-565.
  • Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E., Hobson, C., McPartland, J., Mood, A., Weinfield, F., & York, R. (1966). Equality of educational opportunity. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Craig, I. (2021). Whatever happened to educational management? The case for reinstatement. Management in Education, 35(1), 52-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020620962813
  • Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Los Angeles: SAGE.
  • Day, C., & Sammons, P. (2013). Successful leadership: a review of the international literature. CfBT Trust, University of Nottingham, University of Oxford.
  • Demerath, P. (2018). The emotional ecology of school improvement culture: Charged meanings and common moral purpose. Journal of Educational Administration, 56(5), 488-503.
  • Denison, D. (1984). Bringing corporate culture to the bottom line. Organizational Dynamics, 13, 5-22.
  • Dimmock, C., Tan, C. Y., Nguyen, D., Tran, T. A., & Dinh, T. T. (2021). Implementing education system reform: Local adaptation in school reform of teaching and learning. International Journal of Educational Development, 80, 2-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102302
  • Dogan, M. (2017). School culture and effectiveness. International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 12(25), 253-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.12336
  • Dos, I., & Savas, A. C. (2015). Elementary school administrators and their roles in the context of effective schools. SAGE Open, 1(11), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014567400
  • Duan, X., Du, X., & Yu, K. (2018). School culture and school effectiveness: The mediating effect of teachers’ job satisfaction. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 17(5), 15-25.
  • Edmonds, R. R. (1979). Effective schools for the urban poor. Educational Leadership, 37(1), 15-27.
  • Fan, Yi., Chen, J., Shirkey, G., John, R., Wu, S. R., Park, H., & Shao, C. (2016). Application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in ecological studies: An updated review. Ecological Process, 5(19), 1-12.
  • Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (2012). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application (Tenth Ed.). New Jersey, USA: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Gaziel, H. H. (1997). Impact of school culture on effectiveness of secondary schools with disadvantaged students. The Journal of Educational Research, 90(5). 310-318. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.1997.10544587
  • Ghani, M. F. A. (2014). Development of effective school model for Malaysian school. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 19(10), 1334-1346. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2014.19.10.11483
  • Glisson, C. (2015). the role of organizational culture and climate in innovation and effectiveness, human service organizations. Management, Leadership & Governance, 39(4), 245-250.
  • Gruenert, S. (2005). Correlations of collaborative school cultures and student achievement. NASSP Bulletin, 89(645), 43-55.
  • Gruenert, S., & Valentine, J. W. (1998). The school culture survey. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri-Columbia.
  • Gunal, Y., & Demirtash, R. N. (2016). A pathway to educational accountability: The relationship between effective school characteristics and student achievement. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(9), 2049-2054. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2016.040915
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Hallinger P., & Heck, R. (1998). Exploring the principal's contribution to school effectiveness: 1980-1995. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 9(2), 157–191.
  • Hargreaves, D. H. (1995). School culture, school effectiveness and school Improvement. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 6(1), 23-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/0924345950060102
  • Herman, E. F. (2017). The Presence of Correlates of Effective Schools in Select Minnesota Charter Schools with Longevity. Culminating Projects in Education Administration and Leadership. 38, retrieved from http://repository.stcloudstate.edu/edad_etds/38
  • Horton, J. A. Jr. (2018). A Descriptive Study of School Climate and School Culture in Selected Public Secondary Schools in New Jersey and New York. [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. Seton Hall University.
  • Houtte, M. V. (2005). Climate or culture? A plea for conceptual clarity in school effectiveness research. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 16(1), 71-89.
  • Hoy, K. W. (1990). Organizational climate and culture: A conceptual analysis of the school workplace. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 1(2), 149-168.
  • Jamaludin, U., Akbar, M., & Sumantri, M. S. (2019). Investment of Islamic based cultural values in learning social knowledge. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding Science, 6(4), 340-350.
  • Kalman, M., & Balkar, B. (2018). Shifting teachers’ perceptions of school culture in Turkey: A mixed methods study. FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education, 4(2), 39-65.
  • Karadag, E., Kilicoglu, G., & Yilmaz, D. (2014). Organisational Cynicism, School Culture, and Academic Achievement: The Study of Structural Equation Modeling. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 14(1), 102-113. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2014.1.1640
  • Karadag, E. & Oztekin-Bayir, O. (2018). The effect of authentic leadership on school culture: A structural equation model. IJELM, 6(1), 40-75. https://doi.org/: 10.17853/ijelm.2018.2858
  • Kirk, D. J., & Jones, T. L. (2004). Effective schools. Boulder, CO: Pearson.
  • Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(1), 608.
  • Kythreotis, A., Pashiardis, P., & Kyriakides, L. (2010) The influence of school leadership styles and culture on students' achievement in Cyprus primary schools. Journal of Educational Administration, 48(2), 218-240.
  • Laila, A. (2015). The effective school: The role of the leaders in school effectiveness. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(6), 695-721. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2014.1986
  • Leithwood, K., & Sun, J. (2018). Academic culture: A promising mediator of school leaders’ influence on student learning. Journal of Educational Administration, 56(3), 350-363. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-01-2017-0009
  • Lezotte, L. (1991). Correlates of effective schools: The first and second generation. Okemos, MI: Effective Schools Products, Ltd.
  • Lezotte, L. W., & Snyder, K. M. (2011). What effective schools do: Re-envisioning the correlates. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree.
  • Liu, Y., Bellibas¸ M. S., & Gumus¸ S. (2020). The effect of instructional leadership and distributed leadership on teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction: Mediating roles of supportive school culture and teacher collaboration. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220910438
  • Magulod Jr., G. C. (2017). Factors of school effectiveness and performance of selected public and private elementary schools: Implications on educational planning in the Philippines. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 5(1), 73-8.
  • Manaf, A., & Omar, M. Z. (2017). Improvement School Effectiveness through Culture and School Climate. The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 4(2), 3289-3298. https://https://doi.org/.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v4i2.06
  • Ministry of Education, (2019). Education Sector Analysis Maldives. Ministry of Education. Retrieved from https://www.globalpartnership.org/sites/default/files/2019-05-maldives-education-sector-analysis.pdf
  • Mohamad, M., Afthanorhan, A., Awang, Z., & Mohammad, M. (2019). Comparison Between CB-SEM and PLS-SEM: Testing and Confirming the Maqasid Syariah Quality of Life Measurement Model. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 5(3), 608-614. https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.53.608.614 Mortimore, P. (1993). School effectiveness and the management of effective learning and teaching. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 4(4), 290-310.
  • Nadelson, L. S., Albritton, S., Couture, V. G., Green, C., Loyless, S. D., & Shaw, E. O. (2020). Principals’ perceptions of education equity: A mindset for practice. Journal of Education and Learning, 9(1), 1-15.
  • Ngang, T. K. (2011). The effect of transformational leadership on school culture in Malé primary schools Maldives. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 2575-2580.
  • Olim A. Suryatna dan Hufad, Achmad. (2007). Application of Science and Education: Theory of Educational Anthropology. Hand Book. Bandung: Pedagogiana Press.
  • Parker, B. A. L. (2015). A synthesis of theory and research on principal leadership, school culture, and school effectiveness (Doctoral dissertation). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States of America.
  • Pearson, P. L. (2015). High school culture, graduation rates, and dropouts rate. (Doctoral thesis). The University of Southern Mississippi, Retrieved from http://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/55
  • Pervez, Z. Dahar, M. A., & Maryam, A. (2017). Impact of school culture on student’s academic achievement at secondary level, Sci.Int.(Lahore), 29(3), 565-568.
  • Prokopchuk. J. (2016). Unpacking the impact of school culture: a principal’s role in creating and sustaining the culture of a School. Saskatchewan Educational Leadership Unit Research Review Journal, 1(2), 73-82.
  • Rasmitadila, Aliyyah R. S., Rachmadtullah, R., Samsudin, A., Syaodih, E., Nurtanto, M., & Tambunan, A. R. S. (2020). The perceptions of primary school teachers of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic period: A case study in Indonesia. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 7(2), 90-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/388
  • Recepoglu, E. (2013). The significance of assumptions underlying school culture in the process of change. International Journal of Educational Research and Technology, 4(2) 43-48.
  • Sabanci, A., Şahin, A., Sonmez, M.A. & Yılmaz, O. (2017). Views of School Managers and Teachers about School Culture. E-International Journal of Educational Research, 8(1). 28-45. https://doi.org/10.19160/5000186332
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Impact of School Culture on School Effectiveness in Government Schools in Maldives

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 261 - 279, 01.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.39.9.2

Abstract

School culture is considered to be a system of meanings that influence every aspect of the school including school effectiveness. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of school culture on school effectiveness in government schools in Maldives. A quantitative approach using a survey design was adopted for the study. In order to achieve the research objective, a sample of 359 teachers was selected from government schools in the capital city, Malé through stratified random sampling. In the study, data were collected with scales related to two different variables, school culture and school effectiveness. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data using SPSS-25 and AMOS-25. The study revealed that the level of school culture and school effectiveness were high in Maldivian schools. According to the results, school culture had a significant influence on school effectiveness. The findings suggest that a positive and collaborative school culture enhances school effectiveness. In addition, it reflects the importance of creating a positive and collaborative school culture that empowers all school members to work towards common goals, which improves the effectiveness of the school. The findings confirm the current proposition that a positive school culture is instrumental in achieving school effectiveness, adding clarity to the understanding of school culture as a critical component of an effective school

References

  • Abu-Jarad, I. Y., Yusof, N. A., & Nikbin, D. (2010). A review paper on organizational culture and organizational performance. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 1(3), 26-46.
  • Ahmed, A. R. (2016). Instructional leadership practices of selected principals in Maldives - a case study [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. Asia e University.
  • Akay, E., & Aypay, A. (2016). School effectiveness and comparison of the effectiveness of Turkish state secondary schools according to socioeconomic status. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 453-467.
  • Ali, N., Sharma, S., & Zaman, A. (2016). School culture and school effectiveness: secondary schools in Pakistan. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 4(4), 50-65.
  • Amlus, M. H., Abdullah, A. Z., Ibrahim, A., & Mokhtarudin, H. (2015). The Relationship of training on manufacturing capabilities among electrical and electronic manufacturers in Malaysia. Applied Mechanics and Materials, (793), 663-668. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.793.663
  • Awang, Z. (2015). SEM made simple: A gentle approach to learning Structural Equation Modelling. MPWS Rich Publication.
  • Baldwin, L., Coney, F., Fardig, D., & Thomas, R. (1993). School effectiveness questionnaire. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
  • Bhengu, T. T., & Mthembu, T. T. (2014). Effective leadership, school culture and school effectiveness: A case study of two ‘sister’schools in Umlazi Township. Journal of Social Sciences, 38(1), 43-52.
  • Cobanoglu, F., & Yurek, U. (2018). School administrators’ self-efficacy beliefs and leadership styles. European Journal of Educational Research, 7(3), 555-565.
  • Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E., Hobson, C., McPartland, J., Mood, A., Weinfield, F., & York, R. (1966). Equality of educational opportunity. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Craig, I. (2021). Whatever happened to educational management? The case for reinstatement. Management in Education, 35(1), 52-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020620962813
  • Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Los Angeles: SAGE.
  • Day, C., & Sammons, P. (2013). Successful leadership: a review of the international literature. CfBT Trust, University of Nottingham, University of Oxford.
  • Demerath, P. (2018). The emotional ecology of school improvement culture: Charged meanings and common moral purpose. Journal of Educational Administration, 56(5), 488-503.
  • Denison, D. (1984). Bringing corporate culture to the bottom line. Organizational Dynamics, 13, 5-22.
  • Dimmock, C., Tan, C. Y., Nguyen, D., Tran, T. A., & Dinh, T. T. (2021). Implementing education system reform: Local adaptation in school reform of teaching and learning. International Journal of Educational Development, 80, 2-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102302
  • Dogan, M. (2017). School culture and effectiveness. International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 12(25), 253-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.12336
  • Dos, I., & Savas, A. C. (2015). Elementary school administrators and their roles in the context of effective schools. SAGE Open, 1(11), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014567400
  • Duan, X., Du, X., & Yu, K. (2018). School culture and school effectiveness: The mediating effect of teachers’ job satisfaction. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 17(5), 15-25.
  • Edmonds, R. R. (1979). Effective schools for the urban poor. Educational Leadership, 37(1), 15-27.
  • Fan, Yi., Chen, J., Shirkey, G., John, R., Wu, S. R., Park, H., & Shao, C. (2016). Application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in ecological studies: An updated review. Ecological Process, 5(19), 1-12.
  • Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (2012). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application (Tenth Ed.). New Jersey, USA: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Gaziel, H. H. (1997). Impact of school culture on effectiveness of secondary schools with disadvantaged students. The Journal of Educational Research, 90(5). 310-318. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.1997.10544587
  • Ghani, M. F. A. (2014). Development of effective school model for Malaysian school. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 19(10), 1334-1346. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2014.19.10.11483
  • Glisson, C. (2015). the role of organizational culture and climate in innovation and effectiveness, human service organizations. Management, Leadership & Governance, 39(4), 245-250.
  • Gruenert, S. (2005). Correlations of collaborative school cultures and student achievement. NASSP Bulletin, 89(645), 43-55.
  • Gruenert, S., & Valentine, J. W. (1998). The school culture survey. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri-Columbia.
  • Gunal, Y., & Demirtash, R. N. (2016). A pathway to educational accountability: The relationship between effective school characteristics and student achievement. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(9), 2049-2054. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2016.040915
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Hallinger P., & Heck, R. (1998). Exploring the principal's contribution to school effectiveness: 1980-1995. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 9(2), 157–191.
  • Hargreaves, D. H. (1995). School culture, school effectiveness and school Improvement. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 6(1), 23-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/0924345950060102
  • Herman, E. F. (2017). The Presence of Correlates of Effective Schools in Select Minnesota Charter Schools with Longevity. Culminating Projects in Education Administration and Leadership. 38, retrieved from http://repository.stcloudstate.edu/edad_etds/38
  • Horton, J. A. Jr. (2018). A Descriptive Study of School Climate and School Culture in Selected Public Secondary Schools in New Jersey and New York. [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. Seton Hall University.
  • Houtte, M. V. (2005). Climate or culture? A plea for conceptual clarity in school effectiveness research. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 16(1), 71-89.
  • Hoy, K. W. (1990). Organizational climate and culture: A conceptual analysis of the school workplace. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 1(2), 149-168.
  • Jamaludin, U., Akbar, M., & Sumantri, M. S. (2019). Investment of Islamic based cultural values in learning social knowledge. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding Science, 6(4), 340-350.
  • Kalman, M., & Balkar, B. (2018). Shifting teachers’ perceptions of school culture in Turkey: A mixed methods study. FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education, 4(2), 39-65.
  • Karadag, E., Kilicoglu, G., & Yilmaz, D. (2014). Organisational Cynicism, School Culture, and Academic Achievement: The Study of Structural Equation Modeling. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 14(1), 102-113. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2014.1.1640
  • Karadag, E. & Oztekin-Bayir, O. (2018). The effect of authentic leadership on school culture: A structural equation model. IJELM, 6(1), 40-75. https://doi.org/: 10.17853/ijelm.2018.2858
  • Kirk, D. J., & Jones, T. L. (2004). Effective schools. Boulder, CO: Pearson.
  • Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(1), 608.
  • Kythreotis, A., Pashiardis, P., & Kyriakides, L. (2010) The influence of school leadership styles and culture on students' achievement in Cyprus primary schools. Journal of Educational Administration, 48(2), 218-240.
  • Laila, A. (2015). The effective school: The role of the leaders in school effectiveness. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(6), 695-721. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2014.1986
  • Leithwood, K., & Sun, J. (2018). Academic culture: A promising mediator of school leaders’ influence on student learning. Journal of Educational Administration, 56(3), 350-363. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-01-2017-0009
  • Lezotte, L. (1991). Correlates of effective schools: The first and second generation. Okemos, MI: Effective Schools Products, Ltd.
  • Lezotte, L. W., & Snyder, K. M. (2011). What effective schools do: Re-envisioning the correlates. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree.
  • Liu, Y., Bellibas¸ M. S., & Gumus¸ S. (2020). The effect of instructional leadership and distributed leadership on teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction: Mediating roles of supportive school culture and teacher collaboration. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220910438
  • Magulod Jr., G. C. (2017). Factors of school effectiveness and performance of selected public and private elementary schools: Implications on educational planning in the Philippines. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 5(1), 73-8.
  • Manaf, A., & Omar, M. Z. (2017). Improvement School Effectiveness through Culture and School Climate. The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 4(2), 3289-3298. https://https://doi.org/.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v4i2.06
  • Ministry of Education, (2019). Education Sector Analysis Maldives. Ministry of Education. Retrieved from https://www.globalpartnership.org/sites/default/files/2019-05-maldives-education-sector-analysis.pdf
  • Mohamad, M., Afthanorhan, A., Awang, Z., & Mohammad, M. (2019). Comparison Between CB-SEM and PLS-SEM: Testing and Confirming the Maqasid Syariah Quality of Life Measurement Model. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 5(3), 608-614. https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.53.608.614 Mortimore, P. (1993). School effectiveness and the management of effective learning and teaching. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 4(4), 290-310.
  • Nadelson, L. S., Albritton, S., Couture, V. G., Green, C., Loyless, S. D., & Shaw, E. O. (2020). Principals’ perceptions of education equity: A mindset for practice. Journal of Education and Learning, 9(1), 1-15.
  • Ngang, T. K. (2011). The effect of transformational leadership on school culture in Malé primary schools Maldives. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 2575-2580.
  • Olim A. Suryatna dan Hufad, Achmad. (2007). Application of Science and Education: Theory of Educational Anthropology. Hand Book. Bandung: Pedagogiana Press.
  • Parker, B. A. L. (2015). A synthesis of theory and research on principal leadership, school culture, and school effectiveness (Doctoral dissertation). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States of America.
  • Pearson, P. L. (2015). High school culture, graduation rates, and dropouts rate. (Doctoral thesis). The University of Southern Mississippi, Retrieved from http://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/55
  • Pervez, Z. Dahar, M. A., & Maryam, A. (2017). Impact of school culture on student’s academic achievement at secondary level, Sci.Int.(Lahore), 29(3), 565-568.
  • Prokopchuk. J. (2016). Unpacking the impact of school culture: a principal’s role in creating and sustaining the culture of a School. Saskatchewan Educational Leadership Unit Research Review Journal, 1(2), 73-82.
  • Rasmitadila, Aliyyah R. S., Rachmadtullah, R., Samsudin, A., Syaodih, E., Nurtanto, M., & Tambunan, A. R. S. (2020). The perceptions of primary school teachers of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic period: A case study in Indonesia. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 7(2), 90-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/388
  • Recepoglu, E. (2013). The significance of assumptions underlying school culture in the process of change. International Journal of Educational Research and Technology, 4(2) 43-48.
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There are 74 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mamdooha Ismail 0000-0002-8446-0252

Ali Khatibi 0000-0002-2531-7720

S. M. Ferdous Azam 0000-0002-0001-3595

Publication Date March 1, 2022
Acceptance Date October 6, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ismail, M., Khatibi, A., & Azam, S. M. F. (2022). Impact of School Culture on School Effectiveness in Government Schools in Maldives. Participatory Educational Research, 9(2), 261-279. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.39.9.2

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