Research Article
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Knowledge management for effective and ethical management of public schools: Perspectives from South Africa

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 166 - 179, 01.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.60.9.3

Abstract

In this article, we consider the instituting of effective and ethical knowledge management in the arena of public schooling, with reference to a multiple case study involving three schools in Emalahleni Circuit 1, 2 and 3 in South Africa. Teachers, HoDs, administrative clerks, and principals (20 participants altogether) were interviewed in depth concerning their understandings of knowledge management. We explicate Nonaka and colleagues’ model of knowledge management, which they developed to apply to business and public organizations and which is considered seminal in the literature on knowledge management. It is tied to (Japanese) principles of ba – where people recognize their occupation of a shared space with others. We relate this model to a discussion on the applicability of the African concept of Ubuntu to the knowledge management practices in the selected public schools. We use these cases to consider Ubuntu-directed knowledge management as a process of developing sharedness of purpose among the stakeholders within the schools (internal stakeholders) and outside thereof (in the wider community and society). We indicate to what extent and in what ways the participants experienced knowledge management in this way

Supporting Institution

This research was done towards Bongani Nkambuli's doctoral thesis. (He has now graduated from Unisa.)

Project Number

There was no project number. I have uploaded his ethical clearance certificate

References

  • Addleson, M. (2013). Will the real story of collaboration please stand up so we can see it properly. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 11(1): 32-40.
  • Anney, V. N. (2014). Ensuring the quality of the findings of qualitative research: Looking at trustworthiness criteria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS), 5(2): 272-281.
  • Bendassolli, P. F. (2013, January). Theory building in qualitative research: Reconsidering the problem of induction. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 14(1).
  • Bratianu, C. (2012). A critical analysis of Nonaka’s model of knowledge dynamics. Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(2): 193-200.
  • Brewer, P. & Venaik, S. (2011). Individualism-Collectivism in Hofstede and GLOBE. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(3): 436-445.
  • Chilisa, B. (2009). Indigenous African-centred ethics: Contesting and complementing dominant models. In D. M. Mertens & P E. Ginsberg (Eds.), The handbook of social research ethics (pp. 407–426). London: Sage.
  • Chilisa, B. (2020). Indigenous research methodologies (2nd ed.) London: Sage.
  • Chowdhury, I. A. (2015). Issue of quality in a qualitative research: An overview. Innovative Issues and Approaches in Social Sciences, 8(1): 142-162.
  • Crawford, R. J. (1998). Reinterpreting the Japanese economic miracle. Harvard Business Review, 76(1): 178-183.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design (4th ed.). London: Sage. De Angelis, C.T. (2013). Models of governance and the importance of KM for public administration. Journal of Knowledge Management Practice, 14(2): 1-18.
  • Drucker, P. F. (1971). What we can learn from Japanese management. Harvard Business Review (March 1971). https://hbr.org/1971/03/what-we-can-learn-from-japanese-management. Drucker, P. F. (2002). The effective executive: The definitive guide to getting the right things done. New York: Harper Collins.
  • Drucker, P. F. (2004). What makes an effective executive? Harvard Business Review (June 2004) https://hbr.org/2004/06/what-makes-an-effective-executive.
  • Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2): 219–245.
  • Gergen, M. M. (2020). Practices of inquiry: Invitation to innovation. In S. McNamee, M. M. Gergen, C. Camargo-Borges & E.F. Rasera (Eds.), The Sage handbook of social constructionist practice (pp. 17-23). London: Sage.
  • Harrison, J. S., Freeman, R. E., & Abreu, M. C. S. D. (2015). Stakeholder theory as an ethical approach to effective management: Applying the theory to multiple contexts. Revista brasileira de gestão de negócios, 17(55): 858-869.
  • Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. London: Sage.
  • Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Huff, C. (2012). What does knowledge have to do with ethics? In G. J. M. Da Costa (Ed.), Organizational learning and knowledge: Concepts, methodologies, tools and applications (pp. 2604-2613). Hershey: IGI Global.
  • Kalema, B. M. M., Motsi, L., & Motjolopane, I. M. (2016). Utilizing IT to enhance knowledge sharing for school educators in developing countries. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 73(8):1-22.
  • Kohn, L., & Christiaens, W. (2018). Inductive versus deductive approaches to research process. KCE Process Book. Accessed 1 November 2021 at: https://processbook.kce.fgov.be/.
  • Letseka, M. (2012). In defence of Ubuntu. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 31(1): 47-60.
  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (2013). The constructivist credo. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
  • Mangena, F. (2012). Towards a Hunhu/Ubuntu dialogical moral theory. Phronimon, 13(2):1-7.
  • Maqutu, T. M. (2018). African philosophy and Ubuntu: Concepts lost in translation. Master’s dissertation in Department of Jurisprudence in the Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria.
  • Mkabela, Q. (2005). Using the Afrocentric method in researching indigenous African culture. Qualitative Report, 10(1): 178-189.
  • Moloi, K. C. (2010). How can schools build learning organizations in difficult education contexts? South African Journal of Education, 30(4): 621-633.
  • Murata, K. (2012). Knowledge creation and sharing in Japanese organizations: A socio-cultural perspective on ba. In G. J. M. Da Costa (Ed.), Organizational learning and knowledge: concepts, methodologies, tools and applications (pp. 1528-1543). Hershey: IGI Global.
  • Naicker, S. R., & Mestry, R. (2011). Distributive leadership in public schools: Experiences and perceptions of teachers in the Soweto region. Perspectives in Education, 29(4): 99-108.
  • Naicker, S. R., & Mestry, R. (2013). Teachers’ reflections on distributive leadership in public primary schools in Soweto. South African Journal of Education, 33(2).
  • Ndimande, B. S. (2018). Unraveling the neocolonial epistemologies: Decolonizing research toward transformative literacy. Journal of Literacy Research, 50(3): 383–390.
  • Nkambule, B. I. (2020). Knowledge Management application in township schools: A case study of Emalahleni Circuit 1, 2 and 3. Doctoral thesis, Pretoria: University of South Africa
  • Nonaka, I. (1994). A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science, 5 (1):14–37.
  • Nonaka, I., Byosiere, P., Borucki, C. C., & Konno, N. (1994). Organizational knowledge creation theory: A first comprehensive test. International Business Review, 3(4): 337-351.
  • Nonaka I & Takeuchi H (1995). The knowledge creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Nonaka, I., & Konno, N. (1998). The concept of “Ba”: Building a foundation for knowledge creation. California Management Review, 40(3): 40-54.
  • Nonaka, I., Toyama, R., & Konno, N. (2000). SECI, Ba and leadership: A unified model of dynamic knowledge creation. Long Range Planning, 33: 5-34. Nonaka, I., & Toyama, R. (2003). The knowledge-creation theory revisited: Knowledge creation as a synthesizing process. Knowledge Management Research and Practice, 1(2): 2-10.
  • Nyembe-Kganye, P. (2005). The chief superintendent of education management as a communication link between the districts and circuits of the Ethekwini region of the KwaZulu- Natal Department of Education and Culture. Doctoral Thesis, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa.
  • Okeke, V. O., & Okeke, O. J. P. (2016). Advancing the Igbo language using elements of knowledge management: The role of academics in South Eastern Nigerian Universities. International Journal of African Society Cultures and Traditions, 4(4): 13-26.
  • Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2007). Sampling designs in qualitative research: Making the sampling process more public. The Qualitative Report, 12(2): 238-254.
  • Perez-Soltero, A., Salcido-Flores, R., Ochoa-Hernandez, J. L., Barcelo-Valenzuela, M., Sanchez-Schmitz, G., & Lopez-Muñoz, M. E. (2019). A methodological proposal to Manage Knowledge in the Organization of School Events. IUP Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(3): 19-43.
  • Public Service Commission (PSC) (2000). Survey with compliance with the Batho Pele policy. Retrieved on 14 May 2019 from<http://www.psc.gov.za/docs/reports/ 2000/survey/intro.pdf: 1-120>.
  • Quan-Baffour, K. P., & Romm, N. R. A. (2015). Ubuntu-inspired training of adult literacy teachers as a route to generating “community” enterprises. Journal of Literacy Research, 46(4): 455-474.
  • Rasebotsa, D. (2017). How curriculum advisors and school management teams communicate curriculum changes in schools. Masters Dissertation, Pretoria: University of Pretoria.
  • Reichertz, J. (2019). The logic of discovery of grounded theory – an updated review. In A. Bryant & K. Charmaz (Eds.), (pp. 214-228). The Sage handbook of current developments in grounded theory. London: Sage.
  • Reiter, B. (2017). Theory and methodology of exploratory social science research. University of South Florida Government and International Affairs Faculty Publications.
  • Romm, N. R. A. (2017). Researching Indigenous ways of knowing-and-being: Revitalizing relational quality of living. In P. Ngulube (Ed.), Handbook of research on theoretical perspectives on Indigenous knowledge systems in developing countries (pp. 22-49) Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
  • Romm, N. R. A. (2018). Responsible Research Practice. Cham: Springer.
  • Romm, N. R. A. (2020). Reflections on a post-qualitative inquiry with children/young people: Exploring and furthering a performative research ethics. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research 21(1).
  • Roth, W-M. (2018). A transactional approach to research ethics. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 19(3): Art. 1.
  • Setlhodi, I. I. (2019). Ubuntu leadership: An African panacea for improving school performance. Africa Education Review, 16(2): 126–142.
  • Setlhodi, I. I. (2020). Collaboration practices between the two tiers of school leadership in eradicating underperformance. South African Journal of Education, 40(3), https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v40n3a1796.
  • Shimizu, H. (1995). Ba-principle: New logic for the real-time emergence of information, Holonics, 5(1): 67-79
  • Shulruf, B., Alesi, M., Ciochină, L., Faria, L., Hattie, J., Hong, F. & Watkins, D. (2011). Measuring collectivism and individualism in the third millennium. Social Behavior and Personality, 39(2):173-187.
  • Takeuchi, H., & Nonaka, I. (1986). The new product development game. Harvard Business Review, 64(1): 137-146. Williams, C.G. (2011). Distributed leadership in South African schools: Possibilities and constraints. South African Journal of Education, 31(2).
Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 166 - 179, 01.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.60.9.3

Abstract

Project Number

There was no project number. I have uploaded his ethical clearance certificate

References

  • Addleson, M. (2013). Will the real story of collaboration please stand up so we can see it properly. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 11(1): 32-40.
  • Anney, V. N. (2014). Ensuring the quality of the findings of qualitative research: Looking at trustworthiness criteria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS), 5(2): 272-281.
  • Bendassolli, P. F. (2013, January). Theory building in qualitative research: Reconsidering the problem of induction. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 14(1).
  • Bratianu, C. (2012). A critical analysis of Nonaka’s model of knowledge dynamics. Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(2): 193-200.
  • Brewer, P. & Venaik, S. (2011). Individualism-Collectivism in Hofstede and GLOBE. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(3): 436-445.
  • Chilisa, B. (2009). Indigenous African-centred ethics: Contesting and complementing dominant models. In D. M. Mertens & P E. Ginsberg (Eds.), The handbook of social research ethics (pp. 407–426). London: Sage.
  • Chilisa, B. (2020). Indigenous research methodologies (2nd ed.) London: Sage.
  • Chowdhury, I. A. (2015). Issue of quality in a qualitative research: An overview. Innovative Issues and Approaches in Social Sciences, 8(1): 142-162.
  • Crawford, R. J. (1998). Reinterpreting the Japanese economic miracle. Harvard Business Review, 76(1): 178-183.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design (4th ed.). London: Sage. De Angelis, C.T. (2013). Models of governance and the importance of KM for public administration. Journal of Knowledge Management Practice, 14(2): 1-18.
  • Drucker, P. F. (1971). What we can learn from Japanese management. Harvard Business Review (March 1971). https://hbr.org/1971/03/what-we-can-learn-from-japanese-management. Drucker, P. F. (2002). The effective executive: The definitive guide to getting the right things done. New York: Harper Collins.
  • Drucker, P. F. (2004). What makes an effective executive? Harvard Business Review (June 2004) https://hbr.org/2004/06/what-makes-an-effective-executive.
  • Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2): 219–245.
  • Gergen, M. M. (2020). Practices of inquiry: Invitation to innovation. In S. McNamee, M. M. Gergen, C. Camargo-Borges & E.F. Rasera (Eds.), The Sage handbook of social constructionist practice (pp. 17-23). London: Sage.
  • Harrison, J. S., Freeman, R. E., & Abreu, M. C. S. D. (2015). Stakeholder theory as an ethical approach to effective management: Applying the theory to multiple contexts. Revista brasileira de gestão de negócios, 17(55): 858-869.
  • Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. London: Sage.
  • Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Huff, C. (2012). What does knowledge have to do with ethics? In G. J. M. Da Costa (Ed.), Organizational learning and knowledge: Concepts, methodologies, tools and applications (pp. 2604-2613). Hershey: IGI Global.
  • Kalema, B. M. M., Motsi, L., & Motjolopane, I. M. (2016). Utilizing IT to enhance knowledge sharing for school educators in developing countries. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 73(8):1-22.
  • Kohn, L., & Christiaens, W. (2018). Inductive versus deductive approaches to research process. KCE Process Book. Accessed 1 November 2021 at: https://processbook.kce.fgov.be/.
  • Letseka, M. (2012). In defence of Ubuntu. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 31(1): 47-60.
  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (2013). The constructivist credo. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
  • Mangena, F. (2012). Towards a Hunhu/Ubuntu dialogical moral theory. Phronimon, 13(2):1-7.
  • Maqutu, T. M. (2018). African philosophy and Ubuntu: Concepts lost in translation. Master’s dissertation in Department of Jurisprudence in the Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria.
  • Mkabela, Q. (2005). Using the Afrocentric method in researching indigenous African culture. Qualitative Report, 10(1): 178-189.
  • Moloi, K. C. (2010). How can schools build learning organizations in difficult education contexts? South African Journal of Education, 30(4): 621-633.
  • Murata, K. (2012). Knowledge creation and sharing in Japanese organizations: A socio-cultural perspective on ba. In G. J. M. Da Costa (Ed.), Organizational learning and knowledge: concepts, methodologies, tools and applications (pp. 1528-1543). Hershey: IGI Global.
  • Naicker, S. R., & Mestry, R. (2011). Distributive leadership in public schools: Experiences and perceptions of teachers in the Soweto region. Perspectives in Education, 29(4): 99-108.
  • Naicker, S. R., & Mestry, R. (2013). Teachers’ reflections on distributive leadership in public primary schools in Soweto. South African Journal of Education, 33(2).
  • Ndimande, B. S. (2018). Unraveling the neocolonial epistemologies: Decolonizing research toward transformative literacy. Journal of Literacy Research, 50(3): 383–390.
  • Nkambule, B. I. (2020). Knowledge Management application in township schools: A case study of Emalahleni Circuit 1, 2 and 3. Doctoral thesis, Pretoria: University of South Africa
  • Nonaka, I. (1994). A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science, 5 (1):14–37.
  • Nonaka, I., Byosiere, P., Borucki, C. C., & Konno, N. (1994). Organizational knowledge creation theory: A first comprehensive test. International Business Review, 3(4): 337-351.
  • Nonaka I & Takeuchi H (1995). The knowledge creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Nonaka, I., & Konno, N. (1998). The concept of “Ba”: Building a foundation for knowledge creation. California Management Review, 40(3): 40-54.
  • Nonaka, I., Toyama, R., & Konno, N. (2000). SECI, Ba and leadership: A unified model of dynamic knowledge creation. Long Range Planning, 33: 5-34. Nonaka, I., & Toyama, R. (2003). The knowledge-creation theory revisited: Knowledge creation as a synthesizing process. Knowledge Management Research and Practice, 1(2): 2-10.
  • Nyembe-Kganye, P. (2005). The chief superintendent of education management as a communication link between the districts and circuits of the Ethekwini region of the KwaZulu- Natal Department of Education and Culture. Doctoral Thesis, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa.
  • Okeke, V. O., & Okeke, O. J. P. (2016). Advancing the Igbo language using elements of knowledge management: The role of academics in South Eastern Nigerian Universities. International Journal of African Society Cultures and Traditions, 4(4): 13-26.
  • Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2007). Sampling designs in qualitative research: Making the sampling process more public. The Qualitative Report, 12(2): 238-254.
  • Perez-Soltero, A., Salcido-Flores, R., Ochoa-Hernandez, J. L., Barcelo-Valenzuela, M., Sanchez-Schmitz, G., & Lopez-Muñoz, M. E. (2019). A methodological proposal to Manage Knowledge in the Organization of School Events. IUP Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(3): 19-43.
  • Public Service Commission (PSC) (2000). Survey with compliance with the Batho Pele policy. Retrieved on 14 May 2019 from<http://www.psc.gov.za/docs/reports/ 2000/survey/intro.pdf: 1-120>.
  • Quan-Baffour, K. P., & Romm, N. R. A. (2015). Ubuntu-inspired training of adult literacy teachers as a route to generating “community” enterprises. Journal of Literacy Research, 46(4): 455-474.
  • Rasebotsa, D. (2017). How curriculum advisors and school management teams communicate curriculum changes in schools. Masters Dissertation, Pretoria: University of Pretoria.
  • Reichertz, J. (2019). The logic of discovery of grounded theory – an updated review. In A. Bryant & K. Charmaz (Eds.), (pp. 214-228). The Sage handbook of current developments in grounded theory. London: Sage.
  • Reiter, B. (2017). Theory and methodology of exploratory social science research. University of South Florida Government and International Affairs Faculty Publications.
  • Romm, N. R. A. (2017). Researching Indigenous ways of knowing-and-being: Revitalizing relational quality of living. In P. Ngulube (Ed.), Handbook of research on theoretical perspectives on Indigenous knowledge systems in developing countries (pp. 22-49) Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
  • Romm, N. R. A. (2018). Responsible Research Practice. Cham: Springer.
  • Romm, N. R. A. (2020). Reflections on a post-qualitative inquiry with children/young people: Exploring and furthering a performative research ethics. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research 21(1).
  • Roth, W-M. (2018). A transactional approach to research ethics. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 19(3): Art. 1.
  • Setlhodi, I. I. (2019). Ubuntu leadership: An African panacea for improving school performance. Africa Education Review, 16(2): 126–142.
  • Setlhodi, I. I. (2020). Collaboration practices between the two tiers of school leadership in eradicating underperformance. South African Journal of Education, 40(3), https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v40n3a1796.
  • Shimizu, H. (1995). Ba-principle: New logic for the real-time emergence of information, Holonics, 5(1): 67-79
  • Shulruf, B., Alesi, M., Ciochină, L., Faria, L., Hattie, J., Hong, F. & Watkins, D. (2011). Measuring collectivism and individualism in the third millennium. Social Behavior and Personality, 39(2):173-187.
  • Takeuchi, H., & Nonaka, I. (1986). The new product development game. Harvard Business Review, 64(1): 137-146. Williams, C.G. (2011). Distributed leadership in South African schools: Possibilities and constraints. South African Journal of Education, 31(2).
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Norma Romm 0000-0002-1722-9720

Bongani Nkambule This is me 0000-0001-9022-0960

Project Number There was no project number. I have uploaded his ethical clearance certificate
Publication Date May 1, 2022
Acceptance Date December 11, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Romm, N., & Nkambule, B. (2022). Knowledge management for effective and ethical management of public schools: Perspectives from South Africa. Participatory Educational Research, 9(3), 166-179. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.60.9.3