Fail Tipolojisinden Risk Değerlendirme, Önleme ve Müdahale Programlarına Kadın Cinayetleri

Öz

Dünya genelinde çok sayıda kadının hayatına mal olan kadın cinayetlerinin büyük bir bölümü, mevcut veya eski eş veya hukuken birlikte yaşayan kişiler olarak tanımlanan yakın partner tarafından işlenmektedir. Yakın partner cinayeti ile ilgili çok sayıda risk faktörü bulunsa da cinayete yönelik en güçlü belirleyiciler; kontrol edici davranışlar sergileme, tehdit, tecavüz, ayrılık ve ateşli silaha sahip olmadır. Kadın cinayeti, bir kavga sonucunda işlenmekte ve sıklıkla aile içi çatışmalar, kıskançlık, intikam, ayrılık ve boşanma bağlamında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kadınlar psikolojik, ilişkisel, sosyoekonomik ve kendi ailesi ile ilgili faktörler nedeniyle şiddet içeren ilişkide kalmaya, cinayet riskiyle yaşamaya devam etmektedir. Bu riski önlemeye yönelik geliştirilmiş risk değerlendirme araçları Batı’da uzun yıllardır kullanılmaktadır. Süreç daha çok kolluk kuvvetine odaklanma eğiliminde olmasına rağmen, artık acil servis çalışanları da önleme çalışmalarında yüksek etkinlik göstermektedir. Ülkemizdeki kadın cinayeti sayısındaki artış göz önüne alındığında, ulusal düzeyde hem yakın partner şiddeti hem de yakın partner cinayetine yönelik risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi elzem görünmektedir. Ancak, Türkiye’de bu konuyla ilgili yapılmış çalışma sayısının yok denecek kadar az olması dikkat çekicidir. Yakın partner şiddetiyle ilişkili ölümler hakkındaki veriler ile en iyi mevcut kanıta dayalı programlar ve politikalar birleştirilerek, şiddet riskini artıran tarihsel ve toplumsal faktörler de dahil olmak üzere toplum odaklı çözümler üretilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kadın cinayetleri
• kadına yönelik şiddet
• risk değerlendirme
• yakın partner cinayeti

Femicide from Perpetrator Typology to Risk Assessment, Prevention and Intervention Programs

Abstract

A substantial proportion of femicides worldwide—resulting in the loss of numerous women’s lives—are committed by intimate partners, defined as current or former spouses or legally cohabiting partners. Although multiple risk factors are associated with intimate partner homicide, the strongest predictors include controlling behaviors, threats, sexual violence, relationship dissolution, and access to firearms. Femicide often occurs following a conflict and frequently emerges in the context of family disputes, jealousy, revenge, separation, or divorce. Women often remain in abusive relationships and live with the risk of femicide due to psychological, relational, socioeconomic, and familial factors. Risk assessment tools designed to prevent such violence have been in use for many years in Western countries. While these processes traditionally focus on law enforcement, emergency service personnel have increasingly demonstrated high effectiveness in prevention efforts. Given the rising incidence of femicide in Türkiye, it is essential at the national level to identify risk factors associated with both intimate partner violence and intimate partner homicide. By integrating available evidence-based programs and policies with data on deaths related to intimate partner violence, community-centered solutions can be developed, taking into account historical and societal factors that elevate the risk of violence.

Keywords

• Femicide
• violence against women
• risk assessment
• intimate partner homicide

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