Cancer and Mindfulness Based Intervention Programs: Systematic Review

Abstract

Recently, the effects of the mindfulness-based interventions on psychological health and quality of life have been studied with the patients having psychological disorders as well as the patients with physical illnesses, especially patients with cancer. The current systematic literature review aims to investigate the randomized controlled trials made to find out the effects of the mindfulness-based interventions (mindfulness-based stress reduction program, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based art therapy) on cancer patients. Mindfulness-based therapies were found to be superior to control groups in all of the studies. Mindfulness-based therapies reduced psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, anger, and stress, leads post-traumatic growth and improved life quality as well as had positive effects on pain, fatigue, sleep and somatic symptoms in cancer patients.

Keywords

• Mindfulness-based intervention programs,cancer,randomized controlled trials,systematic review

Kanser ve Farkındalık Temelli Müdahale Programları: Sistematik Derleme

Abstract

Farkındalık temelli müdahalelerin psikolojik sağlık ve yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri psikolojik rahatsızlıkları olan kişilerde incelenmesinin yanı sıra son zamanlarda sıklıkla çeşitli fiziksel hastalığı olan kişilerde özellikle de kanser hastalarında incelenmektedir. Bu nedenle mevcut sistematik derleme çalışmasında farkındalık temelli müdahale programlarının (farkındalık temelli stres azaltma programı, farkındalık temelli bilişsel terapi ve farkındalık temelli sanat terapisi) etkilerinin kanser hastaları üzerindeki sonuçlarını değerlendirmek için yapılan randomize kontrollü çalışmaların incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Derlemeye alınan çalışmaların hepsinde farkındalık temelli terapilerin kontrol gruplarına göre üstün olduğu görülmüştür. Farkındalık temelli müdahalelerin kanser hastalarının ağrı, yorgunluk, uyku ve somatik belirti düzeyleri üzerinde olumlu etkilerinin olmasının yanı sıra depresyon, anksiyete, öfke ve stres gibi psikolojik sıkıntılarını azalttığı, travma sonrası gelişim gibi olumlu değişimlere yol açtığı ve yaşam kalitelerini iyileştirdiği belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• farkındalık temelli müdahale programları,kanser,randomize kontrollü çalışmalar,sistematik derleme

References

1. ACTION Study Group (2017) Health-related quality of life and psychological distress among cancer survivors in Southeast Asia: results from a longitudinal study in eight low-and middle-income countries. BMC Med, 15: 10.
2. Antoni MH, Lehman JM, Kilbourn KM, Boyers AE, Culver JL, Alferi SM et al. (2001) Cognitive-behavioral stress management intervention decreases the prevalence of depression and enhances benefit finding among women under treatment for early-stage breast cancer. Health Psychol, 20: 20-32.
3. Ashbury FD, Findlay H, Reynolds B, McKerracher K (1998) A Canadian survey of cancer patients’ experiences: are their needs being met?. J Pain Symptom Manage, 16: 298-306.
4. Baer RA (2003) Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. clin psychol sci prac, 10: 125-143.
5. Barnhofer T, Crane C, Hargus E, Amarasinghe M, Winder R, Williams JMG (2009) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behav Res Ther, 47: 366-373.
6. Batty GD, Russ TC, Stamatakis E, Kivimäki M (2017) Psychological distress in relation to site specific cancer mortality: pooling of unpublished data from 16 prospective cohort studies. BMJ, 356: j108.
7. Campbell TS, Labelle LE, Bacon SL, Faris P, Carlson LE (2012) Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on attention, rumination and resting blood pressure in women with cancer: a waitlist-controlled study. J Behav Med, 35: 262-271.
8. Carey MP, Burish TG (1988) Etiology and treatment of the psychological side effects associated with cancer chemotherapy: A critical review and discussion. Psychol Bull, 104: 307-325.

9. Carey TA, Stiles WB (2016) Some problems with randomized controlled trials and some viable alternatives. Clin Psychol Psychother, 23: 87-95.
10. Carlson LE, Angen M, Cullum J, Goodey E, Koopmans J, Lamont L, et al. (2004) High levels of untreated distress and fatigue in cancer patients. Br J Cancer, 90: 2297-2304.
11. Chambers SK, Occhipinti S, Foley E, Clutton S, Legg M, Berry M et al. (2016) Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Oncol, 34:1-7.
12. Cohen J (1977) The t Test for Means In Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, Rev. ed. (Eds J Cohen): 19-74. New York, Academic Press.
13. Carlson L, Speca M (2011) Mindfulness-based cancer recovery: A step-by-step MBSR approach to help you cope with treatment and reclaim your life, 1st ed. Oakland, New Harbinger Publications.
14. Carlson LE, Tamagawa R, Stephen J, Drysdale E, Zhong L, Speca, M (2016) Randomized‐controlled trial of mindfulness‐based cancer recovery versus supportive expressive group therapy among distressed breast cancer survivors (MINDSET): long‐term follow‐up results. Psycho‐Oncology, 25: 750-759.
15. Çatak PD, Ögel K (2010) Farkındalık temelli terapiler ve terapötik süreçler. Klinik Psikiyatri, 13: 85-91.
16. Deimling GT, Sterns S, Bowman KF, Kahana B (2005) The health of older-adult, long-term cancer survivors. Cancer Nurs, 28: 415-424.
17. Downer SM, Cody MM, McCluskey P, Wilson PD, Arnott SJ, Lister TA, Slevin ML (1994) Pursuit and practice of complementary therapies by cancer patients receiving conventional treatment. Bmj, 309: 86-89.
18. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M et al. (2015) Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer, 136.
19. Feros DL, Lane L, Ciarrochi J, Blackledge JT (2013) Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for improving the lives of cancer patients: a preliminary study. Psycho‐Oncology, 22: 459-464.
20. Fjorback LO, Arendt M, Ørnbøl E, Fink P et al. (2011) Mindfulness‐based stress reduction and mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy–a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 124: 102-119.
21. Foley E, Baillie A, Huxter M, Price M, Sinclair E (2010) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for individuals whose lives have been affected by cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78: 72-79.
22. Follette V, Palm KM, Pearson AN (2006) Mindfulness and trauma: Implications for treatment. J Ration Emot Cogn Behav Ther, 24: 45-61.
23. Garland SN, Rouleau CR, Campbell T, Samuels C, Carlson LE (2015) The comparative impact of mindfulness-based cancer recovery (MBCR) and cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on sleep and mindfulness in cancer patients. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 11: 445-454.
24. Gómez‐Campelo P, Bragado‐Álvarez C, Hernández‐Lloreda MJ (2014) Psychological distress in women with breast and gynecological cancer treated with radical surgery. Psycho‐Oncology, 23: 459-466.
25. Griffiths K, Camic PM, Hutton JM (2009) Participant experiences of a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group for cardiac rehabilitation. J Health Psychol, 14: 675-681.
26. Gültekin M, Boztaş G (2014) Türkiye kanser istatistikleri. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, 43.
27. Hanson Frost M, Suman VJ, Rummans TA, Dose AM, Taylor M, Novotny P et al. (2000) Physical, psychological and social well‐being of women with breast cancer: the influence of disease phase. Psycho‐Oncology, 9: 221-231.
28. Hayes SC, Strosahl K D, Wilson KG (1999) Acceptance And Commitment Therapy: An Experiential Approach to Behavior Change. New York, Guilford Press.
29. Henderson VP, Clemow L, Massion AO, Hurley TG, Druker S, Hébert JR (2012) The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on psychosocial outcomes and quality of life in early- stage breast cancer patients: a randomized trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 131: 99-109.
30. Hilton BA. 1988. The phenomenon of uncertainty in women with breast cancer. Issues Mental Health Nurs 9: 217–238.
31. Hoffman CJ, Ersser SJ, Hopkinson JB, Nicholls PG, Harrington JE, Thomas PW (2012) Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction in mood, breast-and endocrine-related quality of life, and well-being in stage 0 to III breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol, 30: 1335-1342.
32. Howell D, Oliver TK, Keller-Olaman S, Davidson JR, Garland S, Samuels C et al. (2014) Sleep disturbance in adults with cancer: a systematic review of evidence for best practices in assessment and management for clinical practice. Ann Oncol, 25: 791-800.
33. Johannsen M, O’Connor M, O’Toole MS, Jensen AB, Højris I, Zachariae R (2016) Efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on late post-treatment pain in women treated for primary breast cancer: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol, 34: 3390-3399.
34. Johns SA, Brown LF, Beck-Coon K, Talib TL, Monahan PO, Giesler RB et al. (2016) Randomized controlled pilot trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction compared to psychoeducational support for persistently fatigued breast and colorectal cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer, 24: 4085-4096.
35. Kabat-Zinn J (1982) An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on thepractice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4: 33-47.
36. Kabat‐Zinn J (2003) Mindfulness‐based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clin Psychol Sci Prac, 10: 144-156.
37. Kabat-Zinn J (2009) Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. UK, Hachette.
38. Kazantzis NE, Reinecke MA, Freeman AE (2010) Cognitive and behavioral theories in clinical practice. New York, Guilford Press.
39. Khoramirad A, Mousavi M, Dadkhahtehrani T, Pourmarzi D (2015) Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Spiritual Well-Being/Religious Activities in Muslim Women with Breast Cancer. J Relig Health, 54: 2276-2285.
40. Ledesma D, Kumano H (2009) Mindfulness‐based stress reduction and cancer: a meta‐analysis. Psycho‐Oncology, 18: 571-579.
41. Lengacher CA, Johnson‐Mallard V, Post‐White J, Moscoso MS, Jacobsen PB, Klein TW et al. (2009) Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) for survivors of breast cancer. Psycho‐Oncology, 18: 1261-1272.
42. Lerman R, Jarski R, Rea H, Gellish R, Vicini F (2012) Improving symptoms and quality of life of female cancer survivors: a randomized controlled study. Ann Surg Oncol, 19: 373-378.
43. Lindenboim N, Comtois KAK, Linehan MM (2007) Skills practice in dialectical behavior therapy for suicidal women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder. Cogn Behav Pract, 14: 147-156.
44. Marchioro G, Azzarello G, Checchin F, Perale M, Segati R, Sampognaro E, et al. (1996) The impact of a psychological intervention on quality of life in non-metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer, 32: 1612-1615.
45. Maunsell E, Brisson J, Deschěnes L (1992) Psychological distress after initial treatment of breast cancer. Assessment of potential risk factors. Cancer, 70:120-125.
46. Moher D, Liberati MD, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, the PRISMA Group (2009) Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. Ann Intern Med, 151: 264-269.
47. Monti DA, Kash KM, Kunkel EJ, Moss A, Mathews M, Brainard G et al. (2013) Psychosocial benefits of a novel mindfulness intervention versus standard support in distressed women with breast cancer. Psycho‐Oncology, 22: 2565-2575.
48. Monti DA, Peterson C, Kunkel EJS, Hauck WW, Pequignot E, Rhodes L et al. (2006) A randomized, controlled trial of mindfulness‐based art therapy (MBAT) for women with cancer. Psycho‐Oncology, 15: 363-373.
49. Nakamura Y. Lipschitz DL, Kuhn R, Kinney AY, Donaldson GW (2013) Investigating efficacy of two brief mind–body intervention programs for managing sleep disturbance in cancer survivors: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Cancer Surviv, 7: 165-182.
50. Osborn RL, Demoncada AC, Feuerstein M (2006) Psychosocial interventions for depression, anxiety, and quality of life in cancer survivors: meta-analyses. Int J Psychiatry Med, 36:13–34.
51. Palesh O, Aldridge-Gerry A, Ulusakarya A, Ortiz-Tudela E, Capuron L, Innominato PF (2013) Sleep disruption in breast cancer patients and survivors. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 11: 1523-1530.
52. Peterson C (2013) Mindfulness- Based Art Therapy Applications for Healing with Cancer, In Mindfulness and the arts therapies: Theory and practice, 1st ed. (Eds L Rappaport): 64-80. London, Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
53. Piet J, Würtzen H, Zachariae R. (2012) The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on symptoms of anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients and survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol, 80: 1007-1020.
54. Praissman S (2008) Mindfulness‐based stress reduction: A literature review and clinician’s guide. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract, 20: 212- 216.
55. Quesnel C, Savard J, Simard S, Ivers H, Morin CM (2003) Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia in women treated for nonmetastic breast cancer. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71: 189-200.
56. Reich RR, Lengacher CA, Alinat, CB, Kip KE, Paterson C, Ramesar S et al. (2017) Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Post-treatment Breast Cancer Patients: Immediate and Sustained Effects Across Multiple Symptom Clusters. J Pain Symptom Manage, 53: 85-95.
57. Robinson FP, Mathews HL, Witek-Janusek L (2003) Psycho-endocrine-immune response to mindfulness-based stress reduction in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: a quasiexperimental study. J Altern Complement Med, 9: 683-694.
58. Russell L, Gough K, Drosdowsky A, Schofield P, Aranda S, Butow P N et al. (2015) Psychological distress, quality of life, symptoms and unmet needs of colorectal cancer survivors near the end of treatment. J Cancer Surviv, 9: 462-470.
59. Safer DL, Telch CF, Agras WS (2001) Dialectical behavior therapy adapted for bulimia: A case report. Int J Eat Disord, 30: 101–106.
60. Sanderson, WC (2003) Why empirically supported psychological treatments are important. Behav Modif, 27: 290-299.
61. Sarenmalm EK, Mårtensson LB, Holmberg SB, Andersson BA, Odén A, Bergh I (2013) Mindfulness based stress reduction study design of a longitudinal randomized controlled complementary intervention in women with breast cancer. BMC Complement Altern Med, 13: 248.
62. Savard J, Simard S, Ivers H, Morin CM (2005) Randomized study on the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia secondary to breast cancer, part I: Sleep and psychological effects. J Clin Oncol, 23: 6083-6096.
63. Segal ZV, Williams JMG, Teasdale JD (2002) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to relapse prevention. New York, Guilford.
64. Siegel RD, Germer CK, Olendzki A (2009) Mindfulness: What is it? Where did it come from?. In Clinical handbook of mindfulness, (Eds F Didonna): 17-35. New York, Springer.
65. Simard S, Thewes B, Humphris G, Dixon M, Hayden C, Mireskandari S, Ozakinci G (2013) Fear of cancer recurrence in adult cancer survivors: a systematic review of quantitative studies. J Cancer Surviv, 7: 300-322.
66. Simonton, OC, Matthews-Simonton S, Sparks TF (1980) Psychological intervention in the treatment of cancer. Psychosomatics, 21: 226-233.
67. Smith JE, Richardson J, Hoffman C, Pilkington K (2005) Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction as supportive therapy in cancer care: systematic review. J Adv Nurs, 52: 315-327.
68. Stanton AL, Luecken LJ, MacKinnon DP, Thompson EH (2013) Mechanisms in psychosocial interventions for adults living with cancer: opportunity for integration of theory, research, and practice. J Consult Clin Psychol, 81:318-335.
69. Stein KD, Syrjala KL, Andrykowski MA (2008) Physical and psychological long‐term and late effects of cancer. Cancer, 112(suppl 11): 2577-2592.
70. Stevensen C (2001) Nursing perspectives. In Integrated Cancer Care: Holistic, Complementary, and Creative Approaches. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
71. Teasdale JD, Segal ZV, Williams JMG, Ridgeway VA, Soulsby JM, Lau MA (2000) Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68: 615-623.
72. Thewes B, Butow P, Bell ML, Beith J, Stuart-Harris R, Grossi M et al. (2012) Fear of cancer recurrence in young women with a history of early-stage breast cancer: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and association with health behaviours. Support Care Cancer, 20: 2651-2659.
73. Trief PM, Donohue-Smith M (1996) Counseling needs of women with breast cancer: what the women tell us. J Psychol Nurs, 34: 24–29.
74. Weissbecker I, Salmon P, Studts JL, Floyd, AR, Dedert EA, Sephton SE (2002) Mindfulness-based stress reduction and sense of coherence among women with fibromyalgia. J Clin Psychol Med Settings, 9: 297-307.
75. Williams JM, Teasdale JD, Segal ZV, Kabat-Zinn J (2007) The mindfulway way through depression: freeing yourself from chronic unhappiness. US, Guilford Press.
76. Würtzen H, Dalton SO, Christensen J, Andersen KK, Elsass P, Flyger HL et al. (2015) Effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction on somatic symptoms, distress, mindfulness and spiritual wellbeing in women with breast cancer: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Acta Oncol, 54: 712-719.
77. van der Lee ML, Garssen B (2012) Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy reduces chronic cancer‐related fatigue: a treatment study. Psycho‐Oncology, 21: 264-272.
78. Vinokur AD, Threatt BA, Caplan RD, Zimmerman BL (1989) Physical and psychosocial functioning and adjustment to breast cancer. Long‐term follow‐up of a screening population. Cancer, 63: 394-405.
79. Zhang JY, Zhou YQ, Feng ZW, Fan YN, Zeng GC et al. (2017) Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on posttraumatic growth of Chinese breast cancer survivors. Psychol Health Med, 22: 94-109.