Obsesif Kompulsif Bozuklukta Bilişsel Yanlılık Değişimi

Öz

Maruz bırakma ve tepki önleme ile bilişsel yeniden yapılandırma uygulamalarından oluşan bilişsel davranışçı terapi günümüzde halen obsesif kompulsif bozukluğa yönelik en etkili tedavi yöntemleri arasındadır. Yine de bazı hastalar bu tedaviden yeterince yarar görmemektedir. Bu durum standart tedavilerin etkisini arttırabilecek yeni yaklaşımlara yönelik arayışları gündeme getirmiştir. Bu bağlamda teknoloji temelli yöntemlerin güncel bilimsel çalışmalarda sıklıkla incelenmeye başlaması dikkat çekicidir. Bilişsel yanlılık değişimi teknoloji temelli yöntemlerin güncel örneklerinden biridir. Bilişse yanlılık değişimi, başta anksiyete bozuklukları olmak üzere psikopatoloji ile ilişkili dikkat ve yorumlama yanlılıkları gibi bazı bilişsel yanlılıkları değiştirmeyi hedefleyen ve bilgisayar ortamında uygulanan çeşitli görevleri içermektedir. Bilimsel araştırmalar genel olarak bilişsel yanlılık değişiminin bilişsel yanlılıkları değiştirmede ve anksiyete belirtilerini azaltmada etkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Son yıllarda alanyazında bilişsel yanlılık değişiminin obsesif kompulsif bozukluk için de potansiyel etkilerini araştırmaya yönelik çalışmalar söz konusudur. Geniş klinik örneklemler ile yapılacak daha fazla sayıda araştırmaya ihtiyaç olmakla birlikte, bilişsel yanlılık değişiminin obsesif kompulsif bozuklukta da etkin olduğuna dair kanıtlar giderek artmaktadır. Ayrıca bazı çalışmalar obsesif kompulsif bozukluğun bilişsel davranışçı terapi ile tedavisinde bilişsel yanlılık değişiminin tamamlayıcı bir teknik olarak da kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla, bu derleme makalesinin amacı, bilişsel yanlılık değişiminin özellikle obsesif kompulsif bozukluk belirtileri üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyen sınırlı sayıdaki görgül çalışmayı ve ortaya çıkardığı değişimlerin ardındaki etki mekanizmalarını gözden geçirmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozukluk,bilişsel yönler,bilgisayar yardımlı tedavi,Bilişsel Yanlılık Değişimleme

Cognitive Bias Modification in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Abstract

Cognitive behavioral therapy, consisting of exposure and response prevention and cognitive restructring, is still one of the most effective treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder. However, some patients do not fully benefit from the treatment. This condition results in more search for novel approaches that can contribute to effectiveness of standard treatments. In this regard, the use of technology-based methods in recent researches is noteworthy. Cognitive bias modification is one of these current efforts of technology-based methods. Cognitive bias modification involves computerized tasks designed to modify some cognitive biases such as attention and interpretation associated with psychopathology, particularly anxiety disorders. Researches have generally demonstrated that cognitive bias modification can be effective way to alter cognitive biases and to reduce anxiety symptoms. In recent years, there have been also some studies to investigate the potential effects of cognitive bias modification for obsessive compulsive disorder. Although more researches with larger clinical samples are warranted, there is emerging evidence for efficacy of cognitive bias modification for obsessive compulsive disorder as well. Beside, some studies suggest that cognitive bias modification can be used as a supplementary technique to standart cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder. Accordingly, the aim of this article is to review the limited number of empirical studies, particularly focusing on the effects of cognitive bias modification on obsessive compulsive symptoms and mechanisms of action underlying these effects.

Keywords

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder,cognitive aspects

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