COVID-19 Salgınında Stres: Olumsuz, Olumlu Sonuçları ve Önleyici Müdahalenin Olası Rolü

Öz

Bu derlemenin ilk amacı, Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) salgının, kişilerde ve toplumda yol açtığı stresi önlemede faydalı olabilecek stres modellerini ve teorilerini benzer salgınlardaki bulgularla irdelemektir. İkinci amacı ise COVID-19 sürecindeki önleyici müdahalenin önemine dikkat çekerek, örnek uygulamaları ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda, ilk olarak stres ve stres karşısında kişinin verdiği tepkilerin nasıl oluştuğuna ilişkin Genel Adaptasyon Sendromu modeli ele alınacaktır. Daha sonra, bireysel farklılıkların rolüne değinen Transaksiyonel Stres Modeli değerlendirilecektir. Stresin tetikleyebileceği psikolojik sorunların nasıl oluşabildiğine dair Diatez Stres Modeli’ne ve olumlu dönüşümü belirleyen etmenlerin neler olduğuna ilişkin Shaefer ve Moos (1998)’un modeli sunulacaktır. Ayrıca, COVID-19’a benzer salgınların stres odaklı etkilerine yer verilecek derlemede, önleyici müdahale programlarının farklı gruplardaki uygulamaları da araştırmalarla ortaya konulacaktır. Son olarak, derlemede dünyadan ve ülkemizden psikososyal destek ve psikolojik yardım örneklerine yer verilecektir. Derleme, COVID-19 sürecinde ve sonrasındaki etkileri inceleyecek araştırmacılara ve destek sağlayacak profesyonellere yol gösterici olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• salgın
• stres
• stresle başetme

Stress in COVID-19 Pandemic: Negative and Positive Outcomes, and the Possible Role of Preventive Interventions

Abstract

The first aim of this review is to examine stress models and theories that can help prevention of stress in individuals and scociety due to Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The second aim is to pinpoint the importance of preventive interventions with relevant examples. Thus, innitially, General Adaption Syndrome model will be covered. Then, Transactional Stress Model that captures the role of individual differences in stress processing will be examined. In order to understand how stress can trigger psychological proplems and to understand the factors associated with positive change Diathesis Stress, and Shaefer and Moos’nin (1998) models will be presented. Furthermore, in this review the stress-related effects of similar pandemies, preventive interventions targetting various groups and related research will be covered. Finally, psychosocial support and psychological assistance examples from different countries and Turkey will be included. The review will provide guidance for researchers and professionals, who focus on the effects of COVID-19 and process aftermath of COVID-19.

Keywords

• COVID 19
• stress
• coping
• prevention

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