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Examining ‘Sharenting’ From a Psychological Perspective: Comparing Turkish and British Mothers

Year 2020, , 281 - 297, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.795651

Abstract

The concept of “Sharenting” can be examined within the scope of negative parenting or abuse of parenting. Sharenting is a neology deriving from “sharing” and “parenting” and refers to parents’ over-sharing of photos, videos, stories and any information regarding their children aged under 18 years on social media. The purpose of the present study was to explore the views of Turkish and British mothers about their sharenting on social media. In order to examine this, a qualitative research method was applied. The study was carried out with the mothers (65 Turkish and British mothers, respectively) of children aged under twelve years who attended elementary schools in the cities of İzmir (Turkey) and Nottingham (UK). Research data were collected via face-to-face semi-structured interviews with the mothers in both countries and content analysis was applied. In the study, although some differences regarding sharenting between two cultures, the results showed that similar themes based on dynamics of technology have similar effects on societies or mothers. Finally, the reasons of sharenting and their views about sharenting were discussed and It was concluded that mothers should be aware of the information they share about their children.

References

  • Ammari, T., Kumar, P., Lampe, C. et al. (2015). Managing children’s online identities: How parents decide what to disclose about their children online. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; ACM.
  • Ammari, T., Kumar, P., Lampe, C. & Schoenebeck, S. (2015). Managing Children’s Online Identities: How Parents Decide what to Disclose about their Children Online. In: Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ‘15). Seoul, Korea. April 18-23, 2015.
  • Autenrieth, U. (2014). Die‚ Digital Natives‘ präsentieren ihre Kinder–Eine Analyse der zunehmenden (Selbst-) Visualisierung von Familie und Kindheit in Onlineumgebungen [The digital natives’ present their children – An analysis of the increasing (self-)visualization of family and childhood in online environments]. Studies in Communication Sciences, 14(2), 99-107.
  • Autenrieth, U. (2018). Family photography in a networked age. Anti-sharenting as a reaction to risk assessment and behaviour adaption. (G. Mascheroni, C. Ponte, & A. Jorge, Eds.). Digital Parenting. The Challenges for Families in the Digital Age. Göteborg: Nordicom.
  • Baumrind, D. (1978). Parental disciplinary patterns and social competence in children. Youth and Society, 9, 239–276. Bessant, C. (2017). Too much information? More than 80% of children have an online presence by the age of two. The Conversation, ISSN 2201-5639
  • Bessant, C. (2018). Sharenting: balancing the conflicting rights of parents and children. Communications Law, 23(1), 7-24.
  • Blum-Ross, A., & Livingstone, S. (2017). Sharenting: parent blogging and the boundaries of the digital self. Popular Communication, 15 (2), 110-125.
  • Bovy, P. M. (2013). The Ethical Implications of Parents Writing About Their Kids, THE ATLANTIC. 2013. http://www.theatlantic.com/sexes/archive/2013/01/the-ethical-implications-of-parents-writingabout-
  • Boyd, D. (2007). Why Youth (Heart) Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked Publics in Teenage Social Life. (D. Buckingham, Ed.). Youth, Identity, and Digital Media. Cambridge: MIT Press, 119–142.
  • Brosch, A. (2016). When the Child is Born into the Internet: Sharenting as a Growing Trend among Parents on Facebook. The New Educational Review, 43. 225-235.
  • Brosch, A. (2018). Sharenting – Why Do Parents Violate Their Children’s Privacy? The New Educational Review, 4(4), 75-85.
  • Buunk, A. P., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). Social comparison: The end of a theory and the emergence of a field. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(1), 3–21.
  • Cheung, C., Lee, Z.W.Y., & Chan, T.K.H. (2015). Self-disclosure in social networking sites: The role of perceived cost, perceived benefits and social influence. Information Research, 25(2), 279–300.
  • Collins Dictionary. Sharenting. Retrieved 23/01/2020, from http://www.collinsdictionary. com/submission/11762/Sharenting
  • Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. C. (2007). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
  • Cyberdefinitions. (n.d.). retrieved 15.07.2020 from https://www.cyberdefinitions.com/definitions/SHARENTING.html
  • Damkjaer, M. S. (2018). Sharenting = Good Parenting? Four Parental Approaches to Sharenting on Facebook. (G. Mascheroni, C. Ponte, & A. Jorge, Eds.). Digital Parenting. The Challenges for Families in the Digital Age. Göteborg: Nordicom.
  • Davis, M. M. (2015). Parents on Social Media: Likes and Dislikes of Sharenting, C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital. University of Michigan System, 23 (2).
  • De Stone, S., Meinck, F., Sherr, L., Cluver, L., Doubt, J., Orkin, F. M., ... & Redfern, A. (2016). Factors Associated with Good and Harsh Parenting of Pre-Adolescents and Adolescents in Southern Africa. Innocenti Working Paper No.2016-20. UNICEF Office of Research, Florence.
  • DeCew, J. W. (1997). In Pursuit of Privacy. Digital Birth: Welcome to the Online World, Business Wire.
  • eSafety Commission. (2016). ‘Social Networking’, Office of the Children’s eSafety Commissioner, https://esafety.gov.au/esafetyinformation/esafety-issues/social-networking?from=cybersmart.
  • Flash Eurobarometer, (2008). Towards a safer use of the Internet for children in the EU—a parents' perspective. Annex tables and survey details. Flash EB series 248. Survey co-ordinated by Directorate General Communication. The Gallup Organisation, Hungary.
  • Gander, M. J., & Gardiner, H. W. (1981). Child and adolescent development. Boston: Little
  • Georges, F. (2009a). Self-Representation And Digital Identity: A semiotic and quali-quantitative approach to the cultural empowerment of the Web 2.0 (Représentation de soi et identité numérique: analyse sémiotique et quantitative de l'emprise culturelle du web 2.0.), Réseaux, 2(154). 165-193.
  • Georges, F. (2009b) “Who are you doing ? Declarative, Acting and Calculated Identity in web 2.0.” Proceedings of VRIC 2009, Laval Virtual, Virtual Reality International Conference, 22-26 Avril 2009, Laval, France.
  • Gibbs, J. L., Ellison, N. B., & Heino, R. D. (2006). Self-Presentation in Online Personals. Communication Research, 33(2), 152–177.
  • Hoghughi, M. S., & Long, N. (2004). Handbook of parenting: Theory and research for practice. London: Sage.
  • Holden, G. W. (2015). Parenting: A dynamic perspective (2nd ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Holloway, D., Green, L., & Livingstone, S. (2013). Zero to Eight: Young Children and Their Internet Use. EU Kids Online.
  • Holman, W., & Jenkins, Jr. (2010). Google and the Search for the Future. The wall street Journal. post. Aug. 14, 2010. Retrieved 10/09/2019, from http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1000 1424052748704901104575423294099527212
  • Kennedy, T., & Wellman, B. (2007). The networked household. Information. Communication and Society, 10 (5), 647–670.
  • Kotchick, B. A., & Forehand, R. (2002). Putting parenting in perspective: A discussion of the contextual factors that shape parenting practices. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 11, 255–269.
  • Kotchick, B. A., & Forehand, R. (2002). Putting Parenting in Perspective: A Discussion of the Contextual Factors That Shape Parenting Practices. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 11 (3), 255-269.
  • Krasnova, H., Spiekerman, S., Koroleva, K., & Hildebrand, D. (2010). Online Social Networks: Why we Disclose. J. Inf. Technol. 25, 2, 109–125.
  • Leckart, S. (2012). The Facebook-Free Baby; Are you a mom or dad who’s guilty of ‘oversharenting’? The cure may be to not share at all. From https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304451104577392041180138910
  • Lim, S. S. (2018). Transcendent Parenting in Digitally Connected Families. When the Technological Meets the Social. (G. Mascheroni, C. Ponte, & A. Jorge, Eds.). Digital Parenting. The Challenges for Families in the Digital Age. Göteborg: Nordicom.
  • Livingstone, S., & Byrne, J. (2018). Parenting in the Digital Age. The Challenges of Parental Responsibility in Comparative Perspective. (G. Mascheroni, C. Ponte, & A. Jorge, Eds.). Digital Parenting. The Challenges for Families in the Digital Age. Göteborg: Nordicom.
  • Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2008). Parental mediation of children’s Internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52(4), 581- 599.
  • Livingstone, S., Blum-Ross, A., & Zhang, D. (2018). What do parents think, and do, about their children’s online privacy? http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/87954/ 1/Livingstone_Parenting %20Digital %20 Survey %20Report%203_Published.pdf (accessed: 18.06.2018).
  • Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). Self-Presentation 2.0: Narcissism and Self-Esteem on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(4), 357-364.
  • Minkus, T., Liu, K., & Ross, K. W. C. (2015). hildren seen but not heard: When parents compromise children's online privacy. In WWW 2015 - Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web (pp. 776-786). Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. 2016. DOI: 10.1145/2736277.2741124.
  • Nominet. (2016). Parents ‘oversharing’ family photos online, but lack basic privacy know-how - Nominet. [online] Available at: https://www.nominet.uk/parents-oversharing-family-photos-online-lack-basic-privacy-know/ [Accessed 02.07.2019].
  • Ong, E. Y. L., Ang, R. P., Ho, J. C. M., Lim, J. C. Y., Goh, D. H., Lee, C. S., & Chua, A.Y.K. (2011). Narcissism, Extraversion and Adolescents' Self-Presentation on Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 180-185.
  • Pettigrew, S., Archer, C., & Harrigan, P. (2016). A Thematic Analysis of Mothers’ Motivations for Blogging. Matern. Child Health J. 20(5), 1025–1031.
  • Rainie, L., & Wellman, B. (2012). Networked: The New Social Operating System. Massachusetts: MIT Press.
  • Rainie, L., Wellman, B., & Kennedy, T. (2012). Networked families. (Rainie, L., & Wellman, B., Eds.). Networked: The new social operating system (ch.6). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Ribble, M., & Bailey, G. (2007). Digital citizenship in schools. Washington, DC: ISTE.
  • Staples, A. D., & Bates, J. E. (2018). Parenting of Infants and Toddlers. (Matthew R. Sanders and A. Morawska, Eds.). Handbook of Parenting and Child Development Across the Lifespan, 585-607.
  • Steinberg, S. B. (2017). Sharenting: Children's privacy in the age of social media. Emory Law Journal, Atlanta, 66, 839-884.
  • Thagard, P., & Wood, J. V. (2015). Eighty phenomena about the self: Representation, evaluation, regulation, and change. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 334.
  • Van Lange, P. A. M. (2008). Social comparison is basic to social psychology. American Journal of Psychology, 121(1), 169–172.
  • Wagner, A., & Gasche, L.A. (2018). Sharenting: Making Decisions about Other's Privacy on Social Networking Sites, Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 90477, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).

Sharenting Eyleminin Psikolojik Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi: Türk ve İngiliz Annelerinin Karşılaştırılması

Year 2020, , 281 - 297, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.795651

Abstract

The concept of “Sharenting” can be examined within the scope of negative parenting or abuse of parenting. Sharenting is a neology deriving from “sharing” and “parenting” and refers to parents’ over-sharing of photos, videos, stories and any information regarding their children aged under 18 years on social media. The purpose of the present study was to explore the views of Turkish and British mothers about their sharenting on social media. In order to examine this, a qualitative research method was applied. The study was carried out with the mothers (65 Turkish and British mothers, respectively) of children aged under twelve years who attended elementary schools in the cities of İzmir (Turkey) and Nottingham (UK). Research data were collected via face-to-face semi-structured interviews with the mothers in both countries and content analysis was applied. In the study, although some differences regarding sharenting between two cultures, the results showed that similar themes based on dynamics of technology have similar effects on societies or mothers. Finally, the reasons of sharenting and their views about sharenting were discussed and It was concluded that mothers should be aware of the information they share about their children.

References

  • Ammari, T., Kumar, P., Lampe, C. et al. (2015). Managing children’s online identities: How parents decide what to disclose about their children online. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; ACM.
  • Ammari, T., Kumar, P., Lampe, C. & Schoenebeck, S. (2015). Managing Children’s Online Identities: How Parents Decide what to Disclose about their Children Online. In: Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ‘15). Seoul, Korea. April 18-23, 2015.
  • Autenrieth, U. (2014). Die‚ Digital Natives‘ präsentieren ihre Kinder–Eine Analyse der zunehmenden (Selbst-) Visualisierung von Familie und Kindheit in Onlineumgebungen [The digital natives’ present their children – An analysis of the increasing (self-)visualization of family and childhood in online environments]. Studies in Communication Sciences, 14(2), 99-107.
  • Autenrieth, U. (2018). Family photography in a networked age. Anti-sharenting as a reaction to risk assessment and behaviour adaption. (G. Mascheroni, C. Ponte, & A. Jorge, Eds.). Digital Parenting. The Challenges for Families in the Digital Age. Göteborg: Nordicom.
  • Baumrind, D. (1978). Parental disciplinary patterns and social competence in children. Youth and Society, 9, 239–276. Bessant, C. (2017). Too much information? More than 80% of children have an online presence by the age of two. The Conversation, ISSN 2201-5639
  • Bessant, C. (2018). Sharenting: balancing the conflicting rights of parents and children. Communications Law, 23(1), 7-24.
  • Blum-Ross, A., & Livingstone, S. (2017). Sharenting: parent blogging and the boundaries of the digital self. Popular Communication, 15 (2), 110-125.
  • Bovy, P. M. (2013). The Ethical Implications of Parents Writing About Their Kids, THE ATLANTIC. 2013. http://www.theatlantic.com/sexes/archive/2013/01/the-ethical-implications-of-parents-writingabout-
  • Boyd, D. (2007). Why Youth (Heart) Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked Publics in Teenage Social Life. (D. Buckingham, Ed.). Youth, Identity, and Digital Media. Cambridge: MIT Press, 119–142.
  • Brosch, A. (2016). When the Child is Born into the Internet: Sharenting as a Growing Trend among Parents on Facebook. The New Educational Review, 43. 225-235.
  • Brosch, A. (2018). Sharenting – Why Do Parents Violate Their Children’s Privacy? The New Educational Review, 4(4), 75-85.
  • Buunk, A. P., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). Social comparison: The end of a theory and the emergence of a field. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(1), 3–21.
  • Cheung, C., Lee, Z.W.Y., & Chan, T.K.H. (2015). Self-disclosure in social networking sites: The role of perceived cost, perceived benefits and social influence. Information Research, 25(2), 279–300.
  • Collins Dictionary. Sharenting. Retrieved 23/01/2020, from http://www.collinsdictionary. com/submission/11762/Sharenting
  • Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. C. (2007). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
  • Cyberdefinitions. (n.d.). retrieved 15.07.2020 from https://www.cyberdefinitions.com/definitions/SHARENTING.html
  • Damkjaer, M. S. (2018). Sharenting = Good Parenting? Four Parental Approaches to Sharenting on Facebook. (G. Mascheroni, C. Ponte, & A. Jorge, Eds.). Digital Parenting. The Challenges for Families in the Digital Age. Göteborg: Nordicom.
  • Davis, M. M. (2015). Parents on Social Media: Likes and Dislikes of Sharenting, C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital. University of Michigan System, 23 (2).
  • De Stone, S., Meinck, F., Sherr, L., Cluver, L., Doubt, J., Orkin, F. M., ... & Redfern, A. (2016). Factors Associated with Good and Harsh Parenting of Pre-Adolescents and Adolescents in Southern Africa. Innocenti Working Paper No.2016-20. UNICEF Office of Research, Florence.
  • DeCew, J. W. (1997). In Pursuit of Privacy. Digital Birth: Welcome to the Online World, Business Wire.
  • eSafety Commission. (2016). ‘Social Networking’, Office of the Children’s eSafety Commissioner, https://esafety.gov.au/esafetyinformation/esafety-issues/social-networking?from=cybersmart.
  • Flash Eurobarometer, (2008). Towards a safer use of the Internet for children in the EU—a parents' perspective. Annex tables and survey details. Flash EB series 248. Survey co-ordinated by Directorate General Communication. The Gallup Organisation, Hungary.
  • Gander, M. J., & Gardiner, H. W. (1981). Child and adolescent development. Boston: Little
  • Georges, F. (2009a). Self-Representation And Digital Identity: A semiotic and quali-quantitative approach to the cultural empowerment of the Web 2.0 (Représentation de soi et identité numérique: analyse sémiotique et quantitative de l'emprise culturelle du web 2.0.), Réseaux, 2(154). 165-193.
  • Georges, F. (2009b) “Who are you doing ? Declarative, Acting and Calculated Identity in web 2.0.” Proceedings of VRIC 2009, Laval Virtual, Virtual Reality International Conference, 22-26 Avril 2009, Laval, France.
  • Gibbs, J. L., Ellison, N. B., & Heino, R. D. (2006). Self-Presentation in Online Personals. Communication Research, 33(2), 152–177.
  • Hoghughi, M. S., & Long, N. (2004). Handbook of parenting: Theory and research for practice. London: Sage.
  • Holden, G. W. (2015). Parenting: A dynamic perspective (2nd ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Holloway, D., Green, L., & Livingstone, S. (2013). Zero to Eight: Young Children and Their Internet Use. EU Kids Online.
  • Holman, W., & Jenkins, Jr. (2010). Google and the Search for the Future. The wall street Journal. post. Aug. 14, 2010. Retrieved 10/09/2019, from http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1000 1424052748704901104575423294099527212
  • Kennedy, T., & Wellman, B. (2007). The networked household. Information. Communication and Society, 10 (5), 647–670.
  • Kotchick, B. A., & Forehand, R. (2002). Putting parenting in perspective: A discussion of the contextual factors that shape parenting practices. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 11, 255–269.
  • Kotchick, B. A., & Forehand, R. (2002). Putting Parenting in Perspective: A Discussion of the Contextual Factors That Shape Parenting Practices. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 11 (3), 255-269.
  • Krasnova, H., Spiekerman, S., Koroleva, K., & Hildebrand, D. (2010). Online Social Networks: Why we Disclose. J. Inf. Technol. 25, 2, 109–125.
  • Leckart, S. (2012). The Facebook-Free Baby; Are you a mom or dad who’s guilty of ‘oversharenting’? The cure may be to not share at all. From https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304451104577392041180138910
  • Lim, S. S. (2018). Transcendent Parenting in Digitally Connected Families. When the Technological Meets the Social. (G. Mascheroni, C. Ponte, & A. Jorge, Eds.). Digital Parenting. The Challenges for Families in the Digital Age. Göteborg: Nordicom.
  • Livingstone, S., & Byrne, J. (2018). Parenting in the Digital Age. The Challenges of Parental Responsibility in Comparative Perspective. (G. Mascheroni, C. Ponte, & A. Jorge, Eds.). Digital Parenting. The Challenges for Families in the Digital Age. Göteborg: Nordicom.
  • Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2008). Parental mediation of children’s Internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52(4), 581- 599.
  • Livingstone, S., Blum-Ross, A., & Zhang, D. (2018). What do parents think, and do, about their children’s online privacy? http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/87954/ 1/Livingstone_Parenting %20Digital %20 Survey %20Report%203_Published.pdf (accessed: 18.06.2018).
  • Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). Self-Presentation 2.0: Narcissism and Self-Esteem on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(4), 357-364.
  • Minkus, T., Liu, K., & Ross, K. W. C. (2015). hildren seen but not heard: When parents compromise children's online privacy. In WWW 2015 - Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web (pp. 776-786). Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. 2016. DOI: 10.1145/2736277.2741124.
  • Nominet. (2016). Parents ‘oversharing’ family photos online, but lack basic privacy know-how - Nominet. [online] Available at: https://www.nominet.uk/parents-oversharing-family-photos-online-lack-basic-privacy-know/ [Accessed 02.07.2019].
  • Ong, E. Y. L., Ang, R. P., Ho, J. C. M., Lim, J. C. Y., Goh, D. H., Lee, C. S., & Chua, A.Y.K. (2011). Narcissism, Extraversion and Adolescents' Self-Presentation on Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 180-185.
  • Pettigrew, S., Archer, C., & Harrigan, P. (2016). A Thematic Analysis of Mothers’ Motivations for Blogging. Matern. Child Health J. 20(5), 1025–1031.
  • Rainie, L., & Wellman, B. (2012). Networked: The New Social Operating System. Massachusetts: MIT Press.
  • Rainie, L., Wellman, B., & Kennedy, T. (2012). Networked families. (Rainie, L., & Wellman, B., Eds.). Networked: The new social operating system (ch.6). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Ribble, M., & Bailey, G. (2007). Digital citizenship in schools. Washington, DC: ISTE.
  • Staples, A. D., & Bates, J. E. (2018). Parenting of Infants and Toddlers. (Matthew R. Sanders and A. Morawska, Eds.). Handbook of Parenting and Child Development Across the Lifespan, 585-607.
  • Steinberg, S. B. (2017). Sharenting: Children's privacy in the age of social media. Emory Law Journal, Atlanta, 66, 839-884.
  • Thagard, P., & Wood, J. V. (2015). Eighty phenomena about the self: Representation, evaluation, regulation, and change. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 334.
  • Van Lange, P. A. M. (2008). Social comparison is basic to social psychology. American Journal of Psychology, 121(1), 169–172.
  • Wagner, A., & Gasche, L.A. (2018). Sharenting: Making Decisions about Other's Privacy on Social Networking Sites, Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 90477, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Research
Authors

Selim Günüç 0000-0002-2278-7882

Publication Date December 29, 2020
Acceptance Date November 12, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

AMA Günüç S. Sharenting Eyleminin Psikolojik Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi: Türk ve İngiliz Annelerinin Karşılaştırılması. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. December 2020;12:281-297. doi:10.18863/pgy.795651

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