Örtük Benlik Saygısı: Doğası, Değerlendirilmesi ve Psikopatolojilerdeki Rolü

Öz

Bilişsel süreçlerin işleyişine ilişkin ikili süreç yaklaşımları, benliğe yönelik değerlendirmelerin açık ve örtük şekilde ele alınmasının önünü açmıştır. Bu doğrultuda benliğe yönelik tutumların ve benlikle ilişkili uyaranlara gösterilen tepkilerin bireylerin farkındalığının dışında kalan boyutuna odaklanılmıştır. Örtük benlik saygısı olarak adlandırılan bu boyutu ölçmek amacıyla benliğe ilişkin uyaranların sunulduğu pek çok yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Böylelikle genel olarak öz-bildirim yoluyla ölçülen bulgulara dayanan benlik saygısına ilişkin alanyazına, örtük ölçümler temelinde yeni bakış açıları getirilmiştir. Bu derleme çalışması örtük benlik saygısının kavramsal özelliklerine, psikopatolojilerdeki rolüne ve konuya ilişkin ölçme ve değerlendirme yaklaşımlarına ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda depresyon, anksiyete, psikoz ve kişilik bozuklukları gibi farklı alanlarda örtük benlik değerlendirmelerinin rolüne odaklanan araştırmaların bir derlemesi sunulmuştur. Ayrıca geleneksel ve ikinci kuşak ölçüm yöntemlerinin güçlü yanları ve sınırlılıkları tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak örtük benlik saygısının psikopatolojilerde hem açık benlik saygısı ile ilişkisi bakımından hem de ondan bağımsız şekilde merkezi bir rol oynayabileceği ancak konuya ilişkin araştırmaların bazı alanlarda tutarsız bulgular ortaya koyduğu görülmüştür. Ek olarak ölçüm yöntemlerinin psikometrik özellikler bakımından yeterince güçlü olmadığı ve bu konuda ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ikili süreç modelleri
• açık benlik saygısı
• örtük benlik saygısı
• örtük biliş
• psikopatoloji

Implicit Self-Esteem: Nature, Assessment and Role in Psychopathologies

Abstract

The dual-process models explaining cognitive functioning paved the way for handling explicit and implicit dimensions of self-evaluations. In this direction, the focus has been on implicit self-esteem, which is one important element of unconscious self-evaluations. Many methods have been developed in which self-related stimuli are presented to measure implicit self-esteem. Thus, a new variable that can play a critical role in contexts such as personality, interpersonal relationships, and psychopathology has been defined in the literature on self-esteem, which is generally based on findings measured by self-reporting. The present review aims to shed light on the characteristics of implicit self-esteem, its role in psychopathologies, and traditional and second-generation measurement methods in this field. In this context, a review of studies focusing on the role of implicit self-assessment in different areas such as depression, anxiety, psychosis, and personality disorders is presented. Furthermore, the strengths and limitations of measurement methods are discussed. As a result, it has been observed that implicit self-esteem can play a central role in psychopathologies both in terms of its relation to explicit self-esteem and independently from it, however, studies on the subject have revealed inconsistent findings in some areas. Besides, it was determined that measurement methods are not strong enough in terms of psychometric properties and further studies are needed in this regard.

Keywords

• Dual-process models
• explicit self-esteem
• implicit self-esteem
• implicit cognition
• psychopathology

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