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Trans Bireylere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği'nin Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Number: Supplement 1 (Research Issue), 261 - 275, 29.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.621350

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Trans Bireylere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanmasıdır. Çalışma 218 üniversite öğrencisi ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılardan Cinsiyetçilik ve Transfobi Ölçeği, Walch ve arkadaşları tarafından geliştirilen Trans Bireylere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği ve araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan katılımcı bilgi formun cevaplanması istenmiştir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliği öncelikle açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA), ardından ise doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) ile sınanmış olup, ölçüt geçerliğinin sınanması için Pearson korelasyon katsayısına bakılmıştır. Ölçeğe ilişkin güvenilirlik değeri ise Cronbach alfa katsayısı ile hesaplanmıştır. Katılımcıların 158’inin (%72.5) cinsiyetini kadın, 58’i (%26.6) erkek ve 1’i (%0.5) diğer olarak tanımlamıştır. DFA sonucunda uyum iyiliği değerlerinin kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür (SRMR = .048, X2 = 437.534, df = 170, p <.001 X2/df = 2.574, IFI = 90, CFI = 90, RMSEA =.08). Madde faktör yüklerinin en düşük .50 en yüksek .84 olduğu görülmüştür. AFA ve DFA sonucunda ölçeğin tek faktörlü ve orjinal yapısına uyumlu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğe ait Cronbach alfa değeri .95, Guttman eşdeğer yarılar güvenirlik katsayısı ise .93 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan istatiksel analizler doğrultusunda Trans Bireylere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’nin Türk popülasyonu için güvenilir ve geçerli olduğu kabul edilmiştir.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.) Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.) Washington, DC: Author.
  • Bentler PM (1990) Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2): 238.
  • Bockting WO, Miner MH, Swinburne-Romine RE, Autumn Hamilton A, Coleman E et al. (2013) Stigma, mental health, and resilience in an online sample of the US transgender population. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5): 943–951. Doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301241.
  • Bollen KA (1989) Structural equations with latent variables. New York, Wiley.
  • Bryne B (2010) Structural Equation Modeling with Amos. New York, Routledge. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=1dHbAAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Structural+Equation+Modeling+with+Amos&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjUg6mehYbhAhUpxaYKHSg3BkcQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=Structural%20Equation%20Modeling%20with%20Amos&f=false
  • Büyüköztürk Ş (2002) Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Egitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 8(4): 470-483.
  • Clements-Nolle K, Marx R, Katz M et al. (2006) Attempted suicide among transgender persons. Journal of Homosexuality, 51(3): 53-69. Doi: 10.1300/J082v51n03_04.
  • Ercan İ, Kan İ (2014) Ölçeklerde güvenirlik ve geçerlik. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(3): 211-216.
  • Herek G (2007) Confronting sexual stigma and prejudice: Theory and practice. Journal of Social Issues, 63(4): 905-925. Doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00544.x.
  • Hepp U, Kraemer B, Schnyder U, Miller N, Delsignore A et al. (2005) Psychiatric comorbidity in gender identity disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58(3): 259-261. Doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.08.010.
  • Hoshihai M, Matsumoto Y, Sato T, Ohnishi M, Terada S, Kuroda S et al. (2010) Psychiatriccomorbidity among patients with gender identity disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 64: 514–519. Doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02118.x.
  • Hill DB (2002) Genderism, transphobia, and gender bashing: A framework for interpreting anti-transgender violence. In Understanding and dealing with violence: A multicultural approach (Eds B Wallace, R Carter): 113-136. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Hill DB, Willoughby BLB (2005) The development and validation of the genderism and transphobia scale. Sex Roles, 53 (7/8): 531-544. Doi: 10.1007/s11199-005-7140-x.
  • Karakoç FY, Dönmez L (2014) Ölçek geliştirme çalışmalarında temel ilkeler. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası, 40: 39-49.
  • Lombardi EL, Wilchins RA, Priesing D, Malouf D et al. (2002) Gender Violence. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(1): 89-101. Doi: 10.1300/J082v42n01_05.
  • Lombardi E (2009) Varieties of transgender/transsexual lives and their relationship with transphobia. Journal of Homosexuality, 56(8): 977-992, Doi: 10.1080/00918360903275393.
  • Nagoshi JL, Adams KA, Terrell HK, Hill ED, Brzuzy S, Nagoshi CT et al. (2008) Gender differences in correlates of homophobia and transphobia. Sex Roles, 29: 521-531. Doi: 10.1007/s11199-008-9458-7.
  • Nemoto T, Bödeker B, Iwamoto M et al. (2011) Social support, exposure to violence and transphobia, and correlates of depression among male-to-female transgender women with a history of sex work. American Journal of Public Health, 101(10): 1980–1988. Doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.197285.
  • Norton AT, Herek GM (2013) Heterosexuals' attitudes toward transgender people: Findings from a national probability sample of U.S. adults. Sex Roles, 68(11): 738-753. Doi: 10.1007/s11199-011-0110-6.
  • Özdamar K (2004) Paket Programlar İle İstatistiksel Veri Analizi. Eskişehir, Kaan Kitabevi.
  • Pearson RH, Mundform DJ (2010) Recommended sample size for conducting exploratory factor analysis on dichotomous data. J Mod Appl Stat Methods, 9: 359-373. Siann G (2005) Gender, Sex and Sexuality: Contemporary Psychological Perspectives. https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=7FUoOO83QzsC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=siann,+2013+gender&ots=T_4XE7HZCw&sig=m3QJ8SSAT1DJUFptiX9LZMd9Mjc&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=siann%2C%202013%20gender&f=false.
  • Spack NP, Edwards-Leeper L, Feldman HA, Leibowitz S, Mandel F, Diamond AD, Vance SR et al. (2012) Children and adolescents with gender identity disorder referred to a pediatric medical center. American Academy of Pediatrics, 129(3): 418-25. Doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-0907.
  • Turan Ş, Poyraz C, İnce E, Sakallı-Kani A, Emül HM, Duran A et al. (2015) Cinsiyet değiştirme ameliyatı için psikiyatri kliniğine başvuran transsekseüel bireylerin sosyodemografik ve klinik özellikleri. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 26(3): 153-60.
  • Walch SE, Ngamake ST, Francisco J, Stitt RL, Shingler KA et al. (2012) The attitudes toward transgendered individuals scale: psychometric properties. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41: 1283–1291. Doi: 10.1007/s10508-012-9995-6.
  • Woodford MR, Silverschanz P, Swank E, Schrerrer KS, Raiz L et al. (2012) Predictors of heterosexual college students' attitudes toward LGBT people. Journal of LGBT Youth, 9(4): 297-320. Doi: 10.1080/19361653.2012.716697

Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the Attitudes Toward Transgendered Individuals Scale

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Number: Supplement 1 (Research Issue), 261 - 275, 29.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.621350

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to adapt the Attitudes Toward Transgendered Individuals Scale to use in Turkish population. The study was conducted with 218 university students. Participants were asked to fill out, Genderism and Transphobia Scale, the Attitudes Toward Transgendered Individuals Scale developed by Walch et al., and demographic information form prepared by the researchers. Construct validity of the scale was first tested by exploratory factor analysis (EFA), followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion validity of the scale was tested by Pearson correlation coefficient. The reliability value of the scale was calculated by Cronbach alpha coefficient. 158 (72.5%) of the participants defined their gender as female, 58 (26.6%) as male, and 1 (.5%) as other. CFA showed that the goodness of fit of the model was satisfactory (SRMR = .048, X2 = 437.534, df = 170, p <.001 X2/df = 2.574, IFI = 90, CFI = 90, RMSEA =.08). Factor loadings ranged from .46 to .84. The Turkish form of the scale showed one factor structure, which is fit with the original structure of the scale. The scale also demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha= .95, Guttman split-half coefficient = .93). Given the results of statistical analyses, The Attitudes Toward Transgendered Individuals is found to be valid and reliable to use in Turkish population.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.) Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.) Washington, DC: Author.
  • Bentler PM (1990) Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2): 238.
  • Bockting WO, Miner MH, Swinburne-Romine RE, Autumn Hamilton A, Coleman E et al. (2013) Stigma, mental health, and resilience in an online sample of the US transgender population. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5): 943–951. Doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301241.
  • Bollen KA (1989) Structural equations with latent variables. New York, Wiley.
  • Bryne B (2010) Structural Equation Modeling with Amos. New York, Routledge. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=1dHbAAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Structural+Equation+Modeling+with+Amos&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjUg6mehYbhAhUpxaYKHSg3BkcQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=Structural%20Equation%20Modeling%20with%20Amos&f=false
  • Büyüköztürk Ş (2002) Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Egitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 8(4): 470-483.
  • Clements-Nolle K, Marx R, Katz M et al. (2006) Attempted suicide among transgender persons. Journal of Homosexuality, 51(3): 53-69. Doi: 10.1300/J082v51n03_04.
  • Ercan İ, Kan İ (2014) Ölçeklerde güvenirlik ve geçerlik. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(3): 211-216.
  • Herek G (2007) Confronting sexual stigma and prejudice: Theory and practice. Journal of Social Issues, 63(4): 905-925. Doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00544.x.
  • Hepp U, Kraemer B, Schnyder U, Miller N, Delsignore A et al. (2005) Psychiatric comorbidity in gender identity disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58(3): 259-261. Doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.08.010.
  • Hoshihai M, Matsumoto Y, Sato T, Ohnishi M, Terada S, Kuroda S et al. (2010) Psychiatriccomorbidity among patients with gender identity disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 64: 514–519. Doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02118.x.
  • Hill DB (2002) Genderism, transphobia, and gender bashing: A framework for interpreting anti-transgender violence. In Understanding and dealing with violence: A multicultural approach (Eds B Wallace, R Carter): 113-136. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Hill DB, Willoughby BLB (2005) The development and validation of the genderism and transphobia scale. Sex Roles, 53 (7/8): 531-544. Doi: 10.1007/s11199-005-7140-x.
  • Karakoç FY, Dönmez L (2014) Ölçek geliştirme çalışmalarında temel ilkeler. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası, 40: 39-49.
  • Lombardi EL, Wilchins RA, Priesing D, Malouf D et al. (2002) Gender Violence. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(1): 89-101. Doi: 10.1300/J082v42n01_05.
  • Lombardi E (2009) Varieties of transgender/transsexual lives and their relationship with transphobia. Journal of Homosexuality, 56(8): 977-992, Doi: 10.1080/00918360903275393.
  • Nagoshi JL, Adams KA, Terrell HK, Hill ED, Brzuzy S, Nagoshi CT et al. (2008) Gender differences in correlates of homophobia and transphobia. Sex Roles, 29: 521-531. Doi: 10.1007/s11199-008-9458-7.
  • Nemoto T, Bödeker B, Iwamoto M et al. (2011) Social support, exposure to violence and transphobia, and correlates of depression among male-to-female transgender women with a history of sex work. American Journal of Public Health, 101(10): 1980–1988. Doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.197285.
  • Norton AT, Herek GM (2013) Heterosexuals' attitudes toward transgender people: Findings from a national probability sample of U.S. adults. Sex Roles, 68(11): 738-753. Doi: 10.1007/s11199-011-0110-6.
  • Özdamar K (2004) Paket Programlar İle İstatistiksel Veri Analizi. Eskişehir, Kaan Kitabevi.
  • Pearson RH, Mundform DJ (2010) Recommended sample size for conducting exploratory factor analysis on dichotomous data. J Mod Appl Stat Methods, 9: 359-373. Siann G (2005) Gender, Sex and Sexuality: Contemporary Psychological Perspectives. https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=7FUoOO83QzsC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=siann,+2013+gender&ots=T_4XE7HZCw&sig=m3QJ8SSAT1DJUFptiX9LZMd9Mjc&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=siann%2C%202013%20gender&f=false.
  • Spack NP, Edwards-Leeper L, Feldman HA, Leibowitz S, Mandel F, Diamond AD, Vance SR et al. (2012) Children and adolescents with gender identity disorder referred to a pediatric medical center. American Academy of Pediatrics, 129(3): 418-25. Doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-0907.
  • Turan Ş, Poyraz C, İnce E, Sakallı-Kani A, Emül HM, Duran A et al. (2015) Cinsiyet değiştirme ameliyatı için psikiyatri kliniğine başvuran transsekseüel bireylerin sosyodemografik ve klinik özellikleri. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 26(3): 153-60.
  • Walch SE, Ngamake ST, Francisco J, Stitt RL, Shingler KA et al. (2012) The attitudes toward transgendered individuals scale: psychometric properties. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41: 1283–1291. Doi: 10.1007/s10508-012-9995-6.
  • Woodford MR, Silverschanz P, Swank E, Schrerrer KS, Raiz L et al. (2012) Predictors of heterosexual college students' attitudes toward LGBT people. Journal of LGBT Youth, 9(4): 297-320. Doi: 10.1080/19361653.2012.716697
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Behaviour-Personality Assessment in Psychology
Journal Section Research
Authors

Seda Akdemir 0000-0001-7531-1506

Zeynep Belma Gölge This is me 0000-0002-0904-0354

Publication Date December 29, 2019
Acceptance Date November 14, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 11 Number: Supplement 1 (Research Issue)

Cite

AMA Akdemir S, Gölge ZB. Trans Bireylere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. December 2019;11:261-275. doi:10.18863/pgy.621350

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