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Twitch İzleyici Motivasyon Ölçeği: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Number: Supplement 1 (Research Issue), 131 - 148, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.733471

Abstract

Bu çalışmada sürekli gelişen bilişim teknolojileri ile birlikte değişen toplumsallaşma ve ilişkisel doyum kaynaklarının Twitch izleyicileri üzerindeki etkisinin ve bu bağlamda yayınları izleyen, yayıncılara bağışta bulunan ve bir topluluk halini alan izleyici kitlesinin temel motivasyonlarının incelenmesini değerlendirecek bir ölçeğin (ölçme aracının) geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini SocialBlade ve Twitch Metrics adlı Twitch yayınları, yayıncıları ve izleyicileri ile ilgili istatistikleri tutan web sitelerine göre en çok izlenme oranına sahip Türkçe yayın yapan ilk 100 yayıncı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklemini çalışma formunu dolduran 318 izleyici oluşturmuştur. Katılımcılara “Sosyodemografik Veri Toplama Formu” ve “Twitch İzleyici Motivas-yon Ölçeği” Twitch üzerinden ilgili izleyicilere “Google Formlar” aracılığı ile oluşturulmuş veri toplama araçlarının özel mesaj olarak gönderilmesiyle uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda; Kaiser Meyer-Olkin (KMO) ve Barlett Küresellik Testinin sonuçlarına göre ölçeğin maddeleri arasında 0,80’nin üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir uyum değeri olduğu tespit edilmiş-tir. Ölçek maddelerinin faktör yükleri değerlendirildiğinde; 0,615 ile 0,766 arasında dağılım gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Tespit edilen üç faktörün (Oyun Bilgisi, Topluluk ile Kurulan Duygusal Bağ, Sosyal Yalıtım) Cronbach’s Alfa güvenirlik analizi sonucu katsayıları 0,67 – 0,82 arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu ölçeğin güvenirlik bakımından bireylerde davranışsal bağımlılık olarak kabul edilen; internet/oyun bağımlılığı gibi kötüye kullanımların önlenebilmesi ve sağaltımında yeni çalışmalara ışık tutabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Thanks

Çalışmanın veri toplama ve bildiri aşamasında teknik katkılarından dolayı Mert SEYHAN’a teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı (2019) Erişim tarihi: 25.12.2019. https://ailevecalisma.gov.tr/media/3278/2019_onikiay.pdf
  • Bingham CM (2017) Talking about Twitch: Dropped Frames and a normative theory of new media production. Convergence: Int. J. New Media Technol, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856517736974
  • Bourdieu P (1986) The forms of capital. In Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, edited by J.G. Richardson, 214-258. New York: Greenwood.
  • Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş (2010) Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları Ankara, Türkiye: Pegem Akademi.
  • Daugherty T, Eastin MS Bright L (2008) Exploring Consumer Motivations for Creating User Generated Content, J. Interact. Mark., 8(2):16-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2008.10722139
  • Desjarlais M, Willoughby T (2010) A longitudinal study of the relation between adolescent boys and girls' computer use with friends and friendship quality: Support for the social compensation or the rich-get-richer hypothesis. Comput Human Behav, 26, 896-905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.02.004
  • Gros D, Hackenholt A, Zawadzki P, Wanner B. (2018) Interactions of Twitch users and their usage behavior. In International Conference on Social Computing and Social Media (pp. 201-213). Springer, Cham.
  • Halim BAŞ (2017) Türkiye’de genç nüfus: Sorunlar ve politikalar. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (27):255-288.
  • Hamilton WA, Garretson O, Kerne A (2014) Streaming on twitch: Fostering participatory communities of play within live mixed media. In CHI '14 proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1315-1324). New York: ACM.
  • Hernandez B, Montaner T, Sese FJ, Urquizu P (2011) The role of social motivations in e-learning: How do they affect usage and success of ICT interactive tools? Comput Human Behav, 6, 2224-2232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.07.001
  • Hilvert-Bruce Z, Neill JT, Sjöblom M, Hamari J (2018) Social motivations of live-streaming viewer engagement on Twitch. Comput Human Behav, 84, 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.013
  • Kalaycı Ş (2017) Faktör Analizi, In Şerif K. (Ed.) SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, (pp. 321-331), Ankara: Dinamik Akademi.
  • Kitzinger J (1999) A sociology of media power: Key Issues in Audience Reception Research. Message Received, Harlow: Longman.
  • Nakandala S, Ciampaglia GL, Su NM, Ahn Y (2016) Gendered Conversation in a Social Game-Streaming Platform. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.06459.
  • Needleman SE (2015 January 29) Twitch's viewers reach 100 million a month, The Wall Street Journal, 26/05/2018.
  • Paaßen B, Morgenroth T, Stratemeyer M (2017) What is a true gamer? the male gamer stereotype and the marginalization of women in video game culture. Sex Roles, 76(7), 421-435. doi:10.1007/s11199-016-0678-y
  • Papacharissi Z, Rubin AM (2000) Predictors of internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44(2), 175-196. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4402_2
  • Raes TCM (2015) Twitch TV: motives and interaction, a consumer perspective. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Aalborg: Aalborg University Faculty of Humanities Master in CCG.
  • Seçer İ (2015) SPSS ve LISREL ile pratik veri analizi. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Shaw A (2013) E-Sport spectator motivation. Fairfax: George Mason University.
  • Sjöblom M, Hamari J (2017) Why do people watch others play video games? An empirical study on the motivations of Twitch users. Comput Human Behav, 75, 985-996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.10.019
  • Smock AD, Ellison NB, Lampe C, Wohn DY (2011) Facebook as a toolkit: A uses and gratification approach to unbundling feature use. Comput Human Behav, 27(6), 2322-2329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.07.011
  • SocialBlade (2019) Retrived from: https://socialblade.com/twitch/top/100/followers
  • Suganuma NK (2018) An Ethnography of the Twitch. TV Streamer and Viewer Relationship. California State University, Long Beach.
  • Todd PR, Melancon J (2018) Gender and live-streaming: source credibility and motivation. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 12(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-05-2017-0035
  • Toffler A (1980) The Third Wave: The Classic Study of Tomorrow, New York: Bantam.
  • Twitch Metrics (2019) Retrived from: https://www.twitchmetrics.net
  • Twitch (2017) Twitch 2017 retrospective. Retrieved from http://www.twitch.tv/year/2017
  • van der Heijden H (2004) User acceptance of hedonic information systems. MIS quarterly, 695-704.
  • Venkatesh V (2000) Determinants of perceived ease of use: Integrating control, intrinsic motivation, and emotion into the technology acceptance model. Information systems research, 11(4):342-365.
  • Wan J, Lu Y, Wang B, Zhao L (2017) How attachment influences users’ willingness to donate to content creators in social media: A socio-technical systems perspective. Information & Management, 54(7):837-850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2016.12.007

Twitch Viewers’ Motivation Scale: A Scale Development Study

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Number: Supplement 1 (Research Issue), 131 - 148, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.733471

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop a scale (measurement tool) to evaluate the effect of changing socialization and relational satisfaction sources on Twitch viewers with the ever-evolving information technologies and the main motivations of the viewers who watch the streams, donate to the streamers and become a community. The population of the study was consisted of the Top 100 Turkish speaking streamers with the highest numbers of viewers according to the websites such as Socialblade and Twitch metrics that produce statistics about streams, streamers and viewers. Study group was consisted of 318 viewers who have filled the study form researchers shared on the Twitch platform. Sociodemographic Data Collection Form and Twitch Viewer Motivation Scale have been conducted to participants. According to results of Kaiser Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity, it has been found that there is a significance ratio over 0.80 between items of the scale. Factor loadings of the remaining items range from 0.615 to 0.766. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficients of each factor were found to be between 0.67-0.82. Consequently this scale is able to illuminate-by the mean of reliability- the treatment of the behavior which is accepted as dependence and provide prevention.

References

  • Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı (2019) Erişim tarihi: 25.12.2019. https://ailevecalisma.gov.tr/media/3278/2019_onikiay.pdf
  • Bingham CM (2017) Talking about Twitch: Dropped Frames and a normative theory of new media production. Convergence: Int. J. New Media Technol, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856517736974
  • Bourdieu P (1986) The forms of capital. In Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, edited by J.G. Richardson, 214-258. New York: Greenwood.
  • Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş (2010) Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları Ankara, Türkiye: Pegem Akademi.
  • Daugherty T, Eastin MS Bright L (2008) Exploring Consumer Motivations for Creating User Generated Content, J. Interact. Mark., 8(2):16-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2008.10722139
  • Desjarlais M, Willoughby T (2010) A longitudinal study of the relation between adolescent boys and girls' computer use with friends and friendship quality: Support for the social compensation or the rich-get-richer hypothesis. Comput Human Behav, 26, 896-905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.02.004
  • Gros D, Hackenholt A, Zawadzki P, Wanner B. (2018) Interactions of Twitch users and their usage behavior. In International Conference on Social Computing and Social Media (pp. 201-213). Springer, Cham.
  • Halim BAŞ (2017) Türkiye’de genç nüfus: Sorunlar ve politikalar. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (27):255-288.
  • Hamilton WA, Garretson O, Kerne A (2014) Streaming on twitch: Fostering participatory communities of play within live mixed media. In CHI '14 proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1315-1324). New York: ACM.
  • Hernandez B, Montaner T, Sese FJ, Urquizu P (2011) The role of social motivations in e-learning: How do they affect usage and success of ICT interactive tools? Comput Human Behav, 6, 2224-2232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.07.001
  • Hilvert-Bruce Z, Neill JT, Sjöblom M, Hamari J (2018) Social motivations of live-streaming viewer engagement on Twitch. Comput Human Behav, 84, 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.013
  • Kalaycı Ş (2017) Faktör Analizi, In Şerif K. (Ed.) SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, (pp. 321-331), Ankara: Dinamik Akademi.
  • Kitzinger J (1999) A sociology of media power: Key Issues in Audience Reception Research. Message Received, Harlow: Longman.
  • Nakandala S, Ciampaglia GL, Su NM, Ahn Y (2016) Gendered Conversation in a Social Game-Streaming Platform. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.06459.
  • Needleman SE (2015 January 29) Twitch's viewers reach 100 million a month, The Wall Street Journal, 26/05/2018.
  • Paaßen B, Morgenroth T, Stratemeyer M (2017) What is a true gamer? the male gamer stereotype and the marginalization of women in video game culture. Sex Roles, 76(7), 421-435. doi:10.1007/s11199-016-0678-y
  • Papacharissi Z, Rubin AM (2000) Predictors of internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44(2), 175-196. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4402_2
  • Raes TCM (2015) Twitch TV: motives and interaction, a consumer perspective. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Aalborg: Aalborg University Faculty of Humanities Master in CCG.
  • Seçer İ (2015) SPSS ve LISREL ile pratik veri analizi. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Shaw A (2013) E-Sport spectator motivation. Fairfax: George Mason University.
  • Sjöblom M, Hamari J (2017) Why do people watch others play video games? An empirical study on the motivations of Twitch users. Comput Human Behav, 75, 985-996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.10.019
  • Smock AD, Ellison NB, Lampe C, Wohn DY (2011) Facebook as a toolkit: A uses and gratification approach to unbundling feature use. Comput Human Behav, 27(6), 2322-2329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.07.011
  • SocialBlade (2019) Retrived from: https://socialblade.com/twitch/top/100/followers
  • Suganuma NK (2018) An Ethnography of the Twitch. TV Streamer and Viewer Relationship. California State University, Long Beach.
  • Todd PR, Melancon J (2018) Gender and live-streaming: source credibility and motivation. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 12(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-05-2017-0035
  • Toffler A (1980) The Third Wave: The Classic Study of Tomorrow, New York: Bantam.
  • Twitch Metrics (2019) Retrived from: https://www.twitchmetrics.net
  • Twitch (2017) Twitch 2017 retrospective. Retrieved from http://www.twitch.tv/year/2017
  • van der Heijden H (2004) User acceptance of hedonic information systems. MIS quarterly, 695-704.
  • Venkatesh V (2000) Determinants of perceived ease of use: Integrating control, intrinsic motivation, and emotion into the technology acceptance model. Information systems research, 11(4):342-365.
  • Wan J, Lu Y, Wang B, Zhao L (2017) How attachment influences users’ willingness to donate to content creators in social media: A socio-technical systems perspective. Information & Management, 54(7):837-850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2016.12.007
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research
Authors

Mehmet Aykut Erk 0000-0002-4362-2729

Sunay Fırat 0000-0002-9960-0836

Publication Date December 29, 2020
Acceptance Date August 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 12 Number: Supplement 1 (Research Issue)

Cite

AMA Erk MA, Fırat S. Twitch İzleyici Motivasyon Ölçeği: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. December 2020;12:131-148. doi:10.18863/pgy.733471

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