Erythrailı Koşucu Marcus Aurelius Nikomakhos

Year 2016, Volume: 2, 177 - 184, 31.12.2016

Mustafa Adak

Abstract

Ionia kenti Erythrai İ.S. 3. yüzyılda yurttaşı
ve danışma meclisi üyesi olan M. Aur. Nikomakhos’u bir heykelle
onurlandırmıştır. Onurlandırmayı içeren ve edisyonu burada ilk kez verilerek
etraflıca değerlen­dirilen yazıtta onurlandırılan şahsiyet, kutsal oyunlardaki
zaferlerinden ötürü παράδοξος, πλειστο­­νείκης, ἱερονείκης ve τριαστής unvanlarını kazanan son derece başarılı bir koşucu (dromeus) olarak
takdim edilmektedir. Τριαστής (üç zaferli) unvanı
edebi kaynaklarda ve epigrafik belgelerde ol­dukça nadir belgelenmiş olup genel
anlamda tek bir festivalde üç farklı dalda galip gelen bir sporcuyu tanım­lamak
için kullanılmıştır. Nikomakhos zaferlerinden dolayı sayısız kentin yurttaşlığını
edinmiştir (onu aynı za­manda kendi bouleutesi olarak da anan Khios, Ephesos ve
Tralleis yurttaşlıkları özellikle belirtil­mektedir). Yazıtta bu bilgiyi
takiben verilen liste Erythrailı atletin çocuklar kategorisinde elde ettiği beş
zaferi sıralamaktadır: Sardeis’te düzenlenen Koina Asias’ta stadion koşusu, Tralleis’te
düzenlenen Phythia’da uzun mesafe koşusu (dolikhos), Hierapolis’te düzenlenen
Phythia’da, Nikomedeia’da düzenlenen Koina Bitynias’ta ve Perinthos’ta
düzenlenen Aktia’da silahlı koşu. Heykel kaidesi uzun süre deniz suyunun içinde
kaldığından Nikomakhos’un aralarında gençler (ageneioi) ve büyükler (andres)
kategorilerinde olanlar da dahil elde ettiği diğer zaferler maalesef kayıptır.
Bu şekilde tahrip olan metin 12–14 satır tutmaktadır. Kayıp satırlarda Khios ve
Ephesos’ta düzenlenen oyunlar da bulunmuş olmalıdır, zira Nikomakhos kendini bu
kentlerin yurttaşı ve bouleutes’i olarak tanıtmaktadır. Atlet zaferlerinin
büyük bir kısmını Anadolu’da kazanmış, buna karşın onurlandırma sırasında Kıta Yunanistan
ve İtalya’da kutlanan önemli periyodik agon’larda elde ettiği zafere dair hiç
bir veri bulunmamaktadır. 

Keywords

Sözcükler: Erythrai, M. Aur. Nikomakhos, Bouleutes, Dromeus, Kutsal oyunlar, Hieronikes

Der Läufer Marcus Aurelius Nikomachos aus Erythrai

Abstract

In the 3rd century CE the Ionian city of Erythrai honoured its citizen and councillor M. Aur. Nikomachos with a statue. Its inscription, which is edited here for the first time together with a commentary, presents the honorand as a particularly successful runner (dromeus), who because of his numerous victories at the sacred games had received the honorary titles παράδοξος, πλειστονείκης, ἱερονείκης and τριαστής. The title τριαστής («tripler») is rarely attested in literary and epigraphic sources and is commonly understood as meaning a sportsman who had won three competitions at one and the same festival. For his victories Nikomachos was awarded citizenship by numerous cities (explicitly mentioned are Chios, Ephesos and Tralleis, which also appointed him bouleutes). The subsequent list records six victories won by the athlete in the age group of boys in the dromos at the games of the Koinon Asias in Sardeis, in the dolichos at the Pythia in Tralleis, at the Pythia in Hierapolis, at the games of the Bithynian Koinon in Nikomedeia, at the Aktia in Perinthos and in Kastabala. Further victories, amongst which are those Nikomachos had won in the age group of ageneioi and andres, are lost because the lower part of the pedestal had stood in salt water for too long. The lost text comprises some 12–14 lines. These must have mentioned games held in both Chios and Ephesos, because Nikomachos also claims to have been a citizen and bouleutes of these two cities. Most of his victories he appears to have won in Asia Minor, while by the time the honorary monument was set up he hardly seems to have notched up any victory in any of the major periodical games in Greece or Italy.

Keywords

Erythrai, M. Aur. Nikomachos, bouleutes, dromeus, Sacred games, hieronikes, triastes

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