Uluslararası Ticaret Teorisinin Mikroekonomik Temelleri: Krugman ve Melitz’in Katkıları

Abstract

Yeni Ticaret Teorisi (YTT) başta endüstri içi ticaret, monopolcü rekabet, ölçek ekonomileri, kaynakların yeniden tahsisi ve ihracatçı primleri olmak üzere çeşitli ekonomik olguların uluslararası ticaret teorisine dahil edildiği mikroekonomik temelli bir teorik çerçevedir. Eski Yeni Ticaret Teorisi (EYTT) ve Yeni Yeni Ticaret Teorisi (YYTT) olmak üzere birbirinin ardılı olan iki yaklaşımdan oluşmaktadır. Her iki teori de uluslararası ticaretin firma düzeyinde analiz edilmesine dayanmaktadır. Ancak EYTT, Krugman’ın (1979; 1980) homojen firma modelini, YYTT ise Melitz’in (2003) heterojen firma modelini temel almaktadır. Varsayımları ve elde ettikleri sonuçlar bakımından farklılaşan bu iki teorik katkı, uluslararası ticaretin geleneksel teoriler tarafından anlamlandırılamayan yönlerini açıklamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, EYTT ve YYTT’nin uluslararası ticarete getirdikleri açıklamaları ve elde ettikleri sonuçlar karşılaştırılmakta ve sonuç olarak YYTT’nin üstünlükleri ortaya konulmaktadır.

Keywords

• Uluslararası Ticaret Teorisi
• Homojen Firma Modeli
• Heterojen Firma Modeli

Microeconomic Foundations of International Trade Theory: Contributions of Krugman and Melitz

Abstract

New Trade Theory (NTT) is a microeconomically based theoretical framework in which various economic facts, particularly intra-industry trade, monopolistic competition, economies of scale, resource reallocation and exporter premiums, are incorporated into international trade theory. It consists of two successive approaches, namely the Old New Trade Theory (ONTT) and the New New Trade Theory (NNTT). Both theories are based on analysing international trade at the firm level. However, ONTT is based on Krugman's (1979; 1980) homogeneous firm model, while NNTT is based on Melitz's (2003) heterogeneous firm model. These two theoretical contributions, which differ in terms of their assumptions and results, explain aspects of international trade that cannot be made sense of by traditional theories. In this study, we compare the explanations and results obtained by the ONTT and the NNTT on international trade, and as a result, the advantages of the NNTT are demonstrated.

Keywords

• International Trade Theory
• Homogeneous Firm Model
• Heterogeneous Firm Model.

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