COVID Sonrası AB-ABD İşbirliğinde Tedarik Zincirlerinin Geri Getirilmesi: Bir Vaka Analizi

Abstract

COVID-19, küresel tedarik zincirlerindeki önemli kırılganlıkları ortaya çıkarmış ve hem AB’nin hem de ABD’nin kritik malların üretimini geri çekmeye (reshoring) yönelik politikalar geliştirmesine yol açmıştır. Bu çalışma, yarı iletkenler, tıbbi malzemeler ve elektrikli araçlar olmak üzere üç örnek olay incelemesi üzerinden, transatlantik işbirliğinin kapsamını ve niteliğini değerlendirmektedir. AB Çip Yasası, ABD CHIPS and Science Act, Ticaret ve Teknoloji Konseyi (TTC) aracılığıyla yürütülen ortak girişimler, tıbbi ürünlerde stratejik stoklama uygulamaları ve batarya ile elektrikli araç tedarik zincirlerine yönelik karşılaştırmalı sanayi teşvikleri bu çerçevede analiz edilmektedir. Bulgular, her iki blokun da stratejik özerklik ve dayanıklılığı artırmayı hedeflediğini; ancak koordinasyonun alana göre değiştiğini göstermektedir: yarı iletkenlerde en güçlü, sağlık alanında erken aşamada ve yeşil teknolojilerde daha rekabetçi bir görünüm söz konusudur. Çalışma, ortak standartların geliştirilmesi, eşgüdümlü tedarik mekanizmaları ve teknoloji transferi çerçeveleri dâhil olmak üzere AB-ABD sanayi işbirliğini derinleştirmeye yönelik politika önerileri sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Geri Getirme (Reshoring)
• Tedarik Zinciri Dayanıklılığı
• Transatlantik İşbirliği
• Yari İletkenler
• Elektrikli Araçlar

Reshoring Supply Chains in EU - US Collaboration after COVID: A Case Study Analysis

Abstract

COVID - 19 exposed significant vulnerabilities in global supply chains, prompting both the EU and US to initiate policies aimed at reshoring critical goods production. This paper examines three illustrative case studies - semiconductors, medical supplies, and electric vehicles - to assess the extent and nature of transatlantic collaboration. Recent initiatives such as the EU Chips Act, US CHIPS and Science Act, as well as joint efforts via the Trade and Technology Council (TTC), strategic stockpiling of medical goods, and comparative industrial incentives for battery and EV supply chains are analyzed. The findings reveal that while both blocs aim to enhance strategic autonomy and resilience, coordination varies: strongest in the semiconductor space; nascent in health; and competitive in green technologies. The paper includes policy recommendations to deepen EU - US industrial cooperation, including shared standards, coordinated procurement, and technology transfer frameworks.

Keywords

• Reshoring
• Supply Chain Resilience
• Transatlantic Cooperation
• Semiconductors
• Electric Vehicles

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