3D Printing for Tissue Engineering Applications

Abstract

The goal of tissue engineering is to create functional tissues and organs for regenerative therapies, and total organ transplantation. Bioprinting tissues are one of the most attractive approaches for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields. Fabrication of a complex structure via bioprinting requires layer-by-layer fabrication strategy. Bioprinting is mainly based on three processes; imaging and computer aided the design of the tissue that we wanted to print, the production of bio-ink with the selection of proper substances, the choice of a proper bioprinter depending on the product that we want, for fabrication of scaffold and/or tissues. In recent years the 3D bioprinting technology has been developed and several approaches appear by the researchers. The approaches are biomimicry, autonomous self-assembly and mini-tissue building blocks.  In this study, current and future potential applications of 3D printing for the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine will be discussed.

Keywords

• Bioprinter,bioink,self-assembly,biomimicry,tissue engineering

References

1. [1] Ozbolat, I. T. & Yu, Y. “Bioprinting toward organ fabrication: challenges and future trends.” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 60:691–699 (2013).
2. [2] Murphy, S. V. & Atala, A. “3D bioprinting of tissues and organs.” Nat. Biotechnol. 32: 773–785 (2014).
3. [3] Derby, B. “Printing and Prototyping of Tissues and Scaffolds.” Science 338: 921–926 (2012).
4. [4] McRobbie, D. W. “MRI from picture to proton.” Cambridge University Press, (2006).
5. [5] Zhang, Y. S. et al. “3D Bioprinting for Tissue and Organ Fabrication.” Ann. Biomed. Eng. (2016).
6. [6] Kang, H.-W. et al. “A 3D bioprinting system to produce human-scale tissue constructs with structural integrity.” Nat. Biotechnol. 34: 312–319 (2016).
7. [7] Xu, T., Kincaid, H., Atala, A. & Yoo, J. J. “High-Throughput Production of Single-Cell Microparticles Using an Inkjet Printing Technology.” J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 130: 21017 (2008).
8. [8] Cui, X., Dean, D., Ruggeri, Z. M. & Boland, T. “Cell damage evaluation of thermal inkjet printed Chinese hamster ovary cells.” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 106: 963–969 (2010).

9. [9] Tekin, E., Smith, P. J. & Schubert, U. S. “Inkjet printing as a deposition and patterning tool for polymers and inorganic particles.” Soft Matter 4, 703: (2008).
10. [10] Cui, X., Boland, T., D D’Lima, D. & K Lotz, M. “Thermal inkjet printing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.” Recent Pat. Drug Deliv. Formul. 6: 149–155, (2012).
11. [11] Kim, J. D., Choi, J. S., Kim, B. S., Chan Choi, Y. & Cho, Y. W. “Piezoelectric inkjet printing of polymers: Stem cell patterning on polymer substrates.” Polymer 51: 2147–2154, (2010).
12. [12] Mironov, V., Boland, T., Trusk, T., Forgacs, G. & Markwald, R. R. “Organ printing: computer-aided jet-based 3D tissue engineering.” Trends Biotechnol. 21: 157–161, (2003).
13. [13] Khalil, S., Nam, J. & Sun, W. “Multi-nozzle deposition for construction of 3D biopolymer tissue scaffolds.” Rapid Prototyp. J. 11: 9–17, (2005).
14. [14] Ozbolat, I. T. & Hospodiuk, M. “Current advances and future perspectives in extrusion-based bioprinting.” Biomaterials, 76:321–343 (2016).
15. [15] Visser, J. et al. “Biofabrication of multi-material anatomically shaped tissue constructs.” Biofabrication 5: 35007, (2013).
16. [16] Delaporte, P. & Alloncle, A.-P. “Laser-induced forward transfer: A high resolution additive manufacturing technology.” Opt. Laser Technol. 78: 33–41 (2016).
17. [17] Gruene, M. et al. “Laser Printing of Stem Cells for Biofabrication of Scaffold-Free Autologous Grafts.” Tissue Eng. Part C Methods 17: 79–87 (2011).
18. [18] Guillemot, F., Souquet, A., Catros, S. & Guillotin, B. “Laser-assisted cell printing: principle, physical parameters versus cell fate and perspectives in tissue engineering.” Nanomed., 5: 507–515 (2010).
19. [19] Carrow, J. K., Kerativitayanan, P., Jaiswal, M. K., Lokhande, G. & Gaharwar, A. K. in “Essentials of 3D Biofabrication and Translation” 229–248, (2015).
20. [20] Irvine, S. & Venkatraman, S. “Bioprinting and Differentiation of Stem Cells.” Molecules 21: 1188 (2016).
21. [21] Jakab, K. et al. “Tissue engineering by self-assembly and bio-printing of living cells.” Biofabrication 2: 22001 (2010).
22. [22] Norotte, C., Marga, F. S., Niklason, L. E. & Forgacs, G. “Scaffold-free vascular tissue engineering using bioprinting.” Biomaterials 30: 5910–5917 (2009).
23. [23] Patra, S. & Young, V. “A Review of 3D Printing Techniques and the Future in Biofabrication of Bioprinted Tissue.” Cell Biochem. Biophys. 74: 93–98 (2016).
24. [24] Ozbolat, I. T. “Scaffold-based or scaffold-free bioprinting: competing or complementing approaches” J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med. 6: 24701 (2015).
25. [25] Tan, Y. et al. “3D printing facilitated scaffold-free tissue unit fabrication.” Biofabrication 6, 24111 (2014).
26. [26] Yu, Y. et al. “Three-dimensional bioprinting using self-assembling scalable scaffold-free ‘tissue strands’ as a new bioink.” Sci. Rep. 6: 28714 (2016).
27. [27] Pati, F. et al. “Printing three-dimensional tissue analogues with decellularized extracellular matrix bioink.” Nat. Commun. 5: (2014).
28. [28] Binder, K. W., Allen, A. J., Yoo, J. J. & Atala, A. “Drop-On-Demand Inkjet Bioprinting: A Primer.” Gene Ther. Regul. 6: 33–49 (2011).