Ulusal İnsan Hakları Kurumlarının İş Dünyası ve İnsan Hakları Perspektifinden Önemi ve Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu’nun Bu Bağlamda İncelenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 42 Issue: 2, 579 - 618, 30.12.2022

Betül Karagedik

https://doi.org/10.26650/ppil.2022.42.2.982266

Abstract

Ulusal insan hakları kurumlarının iş dünyası ve insan hakları alanında üstlenebileceği işlevlere dair dikkatin son yıllarda giderek artmakta olduğu gözlenmektedir. Ulusal insan hakları kurumları GANHRI tarafından iş dünyası ve insan hakları konusunda aktif olarak faaliyet göstermeye teşvik edilmektedir ve Edinburgh Deklarasyonu ile kurumların yerine getirebileceği görevler düzenlenmiştir. Devletin insan haklarını koruma görevi, şirketlerin insan haklarına saygı gösterme sorumluluğu ve çözüm yollarına erişim olmak üzere üç unsurdan oluşan, BM İş Dünyası ve İnsan Haklarına dair Rehber İlkeler’in üç unsurunda da ulusal insan hakları kurumlarının gerçekleştirebileceği işlevlere atıf yapılmıştır. Ayrıca iş dünyası ve insan haklarına ilişkin bağlayıcı belge hazırlığına dair yayınlanan taslak metinler ve taslak ihtiyari protokol, ulusal insan hakları kurumlarına çeşitli roller vermektedir. Nitekim dünya üzerindeki ulusal insan hakları kurumları, artık devletlerin sebebiyet verdiği insan hakları ihlalleriyle birlikte iş dünyasının neden olduğu ihlaller hakkında da çalışmalar yapmaya başlamıştır. Bu çerçevede, Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu, 6701 sayılı Kanun tarafından verilen yetkilerine dayanarak Türkiye’de iş dünyası ile bağlantılı insan hakları ihlallerinin önlenmesi ve iş dünyası ve insan hakları konusundaki farkındalığın yükselmesi için etkili olarak faaliyet göstermelidir. Kurum dünyadaki güncel gelişmelere paralel olarak BM Rehber İlkeleri’nin üç unsuru bağlamında kapsamlı çalışmalar yapmalıdır.

Keywords

İş Dünyası ve İnsan Hakları, BM İş Dünyası ve İnsan Haklarına dair Rehber İlkeler, Ulusal İnsan Hakları Kurumları, Edinburgh Deklarasyonu, Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu

The Importance of National Human Rights Institutions from the Perspective of Business and Human Rights and the Examination of Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey in this Context

Abstract

Attention is increasingly being given to the functions that can be undertaken by national human rights institutions with respect to the field of business and human rights. National human rights institutions are encouraged by the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI) to be active in the area of business and human rights. The duties that can be assumed by these institutions are specified by the Edinburgh Declaration. Also, these duties are discussed in all three pillars (protect, respect, and remedy) of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (the UNGPs). Thus, the UNGPs stipulates that national human rights institutions should act not only to ensure access to remedy but also to promote the state’s duty to protect human rights and the responsibility of companies to respect human rights. Additionally, the draft texts and optional protocol of the legally binding instrument on business and human rights give various roles to national human rights institutions. National human rights institutions around the world have already commenced research on human rights violations caused by business enterprises as well as by states. In this context, the Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey should act effectively to prevent businessrelated human rights abuses and to expand awareness of the field of business and human rights in Turkey, based on the mandates given by Law No. 6701. The institution should thus engage in comprehensive activities in the context of the UNGPs’ three pillars in parallel with comparable developments overseas.

Keywords

Business and Human Rights, the UNGPs, National Human Rights Institutions, Edinburgh Declaration, Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey

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