Evaluation of Rotavirus prevalence in children with acute gastroenteritis: A single center study

Abstract

Objective: Acute gastroenteritis is an important health problem in young children with high morbidity and mortality. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the rate of rota antigen positivity, age, gender, seasonal characteristics, presence of vomiting, and hospitalization rates in cases diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis between the ages of 0-18. Materials and Method: This retrospective study included 8356 patients, aged 0-18 years, diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis between November 2014 and February 2022. Patients with chronic disease, immune deficiency, malnutrition, pre-diarrheal antibiotic use or chronic gastroenteritis were excluded from the study. The diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis was made by the determination of rotavirus antigen in the stool. Results: Rotavirus antigen positivity was detected in 1079 (12.9%) of 8356 patients included in the study. Of the patients with rotavirus antigen positivity, 497 (46.1%) were female and 582 (53.9%) were male. 64% of rota-negative cases and 82.4 of rota-positive cases were between 1 -5 years of age. Rota-negative acute gastroenteritis cases were most common in summer (28.8%) and autumn (28.8%), while rota-positive cases are more common in autumn (31.7%) and winter (33.4%). Vomiting accompanied 19.6% of rota-negative and 24% of rota-positive cases. Also, 38.6% of rota-negative cases were hospitalized. In rota-positive patients, the rate of hospitalization was 53.6 percent, higher and statistically significant (p<0.001). In rota-positive patients, the rate of hospitalization was 53.6 percent, higher and statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Rotavirus is frequently seen as a causative agent in early childhood gastroenteritis. Its incidence is increasing in our country, especially in cold months. Vomiting accompanies more frequently than other factors and requires inpatient treatment at a higher rate. In order to prevent unnecessary antibiotic use, rotavirus antigen should be investigated in the stool sample in every case who was diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis. Regional studies are important in terms of contributing to epidemiological data.

Keywords

• acute gastroenteritis
• rotavirus enteritis
• children
• season
• age

Akut gastroenteritli çocuklarda Rotavirüs prevelansının araştırılması: Tek merkezli çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Akut gastroenterit küçük yaştaki çocuklarda yüksek morbidite ve mortalite ile seyreden önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Bu çalışmada 0-18 yaş arası akut gastroenterit tanısı alan vakalardaki rota antijen pozitiflik oranı, yaş, cinsiyet, mevsimsel özellikleri, kusma eşlik edip etmemesi, hastaneye yatış oranlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Retrospektif olarak düzenlenen çalışmaya Kasım 2014-Şubat 2022 döneminde akut gastroenterit tanısı konan 0-18 yaş 8356 hasta alındı. Kronik hastalığı, immün yetersizliği, malnutrisyonu, ishal öncesi antibiyotik kullanım öyküsü veya kronik gastroenteriti olan hastalar çalışmaya alınmadı. Rotavirüs gastroenteriti tanısı dışkıda rotavirüs antijen tayini ile konuldu. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 8356 hastanın 1079’ unda (%12,9) rotavirüs antijen pozitifliği saptandı. Rotavirüs antijen pozitifliği saptanan olguların 497‘si (%46,1) kız, 582’si (553,9) erkekti. Rota negatif vakaların %64’ü, rota pozitiflerin 82,4 ‘ü 1 -5 yaş aralığındaydı. Rota negatif akut gastroenterit vakaları en çok yaz (%28,8) ve sonbahar (%28,8) mevsiminde görülürken rota pozitif olgular sonbahar (%31,7) ve kış (%33,4) mevsiminde daha sık görüldü. Rota negatiflerin %19,6’sına, rota pozitiflerin ise %24’ üne kusma eşlik ediyordu. Ayrıca, rota negatif vakaların %38,6’ı yatarak tedavi görmüştü. Rota pozitif hastalarda ise hastaneye yatış oranı yüzde 53,6 oranındaydı, daha yüksekti ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı.(p<0,001) Sonuç: Erken çocukluk dönemi gastroenteritlerinde etken olarak rotavirüs sık görülmektedir. Özellikle soğuk aylarda ülkemizde sıklığı artmaktadır. Diğer etkenlere oranla daha sık kusma eşlik etmekte ve daha yüksek oranda yatarak tedavi gerekmektedir. Gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımının önüne geçmek için akut gastroenterit tanısı alan her vakada gaita örneğinde rotavirüs antijeni de araştırılmalıdır. Yapılan bölgesel çalışmalar epidemiyoloik verilere katkı sağlaması açısından önemlidir.

Keywords

• Akut gastroenterit
• rotavirüs enteriti
• çocuklar
• mevsim
• yaş

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